HTTP 200 OK
Allow: GET, HEAD, OPTIONS
Content-Type: application/json
Vary: Accept
{
"count": 1059,
"next": "https://surveyoflondon.org/api/v1/documents/?format=api&page=52",
"previous": "https://surveyoflondon.org/api/v1/documents/?format=api&page=50",
"results": [
{
"id": 1036,
"title": "2–4 Alie Street",
"author": {
"id": 2,
"username": "surveyoflondon"
},
"feature": {
"id": 12,
"type": "Feature",
"geometry": {
"type": "MultiPolygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
[
-0.072771908194299,
51.51314802689543
],
[
-0.072672904111031,
51.51288088167866
],
[
-0.072663505327936,
51.51283676501901
],
[
-0.073096734322255,
51.51280382799201
],
[
-0.073135259915787,
51.513021133041846
],
[
-0.073135748495546,
51.51304041775518
],
[
-0.073133186687222,
51.51305633882312
],
[
-0.07312249137467,
51.513071143888
],
[
-0.073106431130218,
51.51308373453761
],
[
-0.073085308063707,
51.513095528404556
],
[
-0.073055322823247,
51.513103498247965
],
[
-0.072771908194299,
51.51314802689543
]
]
]
]
},
"properties": {
"b_number": "55",
"b_name": "",
"street": "Mansell Street",
"address": "55 Mansell Street",
"feature_type": "WHITECHAPEL_BUILDING",
"count": 7,
"search_str": "55 Mansell Street"
},
"tags": []
},
"body": "<p>The west end of the south side of Alie Street has been a flank return to a succession of buildings principally fronting Mansell Street, most recently Aliffe House. The warehouse that was that building’s predecessor also took in the site of Alie Street’s westernmost house in 1904 just before this end of Alie Street was widened. The early eighteenth-century house, which had been set slightly forward of its easterly neighbours, had an 18ft frontage and two-room plan in three-storeys, a basement and attic. It incorporated a counting house on its ground floor, and had access to the Tenter Ground from its yard. The earliest recorded resident from 1733 was Richard Pidgeon. Archer James Oliver (c.1774–1842), later a portrait painter, spent his childhood here. In the first decades of the nineteenth century the house was owned and occupied by Joseph Lachlan, a ship broker and convict contractor, after which it was occupied by a series of clothiers.[^1]</p>\n\n<p>[^1]: London Metropolitan Archives, Land Tax Returns; LMA/4673/D/01/004/002; District Surveyors' Returns: <em>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography sub</em> Oliver: <em>The Standard</em>, 7 July 1843, p. 1: Tower Hamlets Local History Library and Archives, P/SLC/1/21/1: <em>The Times</em>, 2 Nov 1840, p. 1: Post Office Directories: London County Council Minutes, 23 May 1905, p. 1830; 4 July 1905, p. 267; 17 Oct 1905, p. 1295; 20 March 1906, p. 723; 22 Jan 1907, p. 81</p>\n",
"created": "2020-05-06",
"last_edited": "2020-08-18"
},
{
"id": 1135,
"title": "1 North Tenter Street (Zetland House, on the site of the Jews’ Orphan Asylum)",
"author": {
"id": 2,
"username": "surveyoflondon"
},
"feature": {
"id": 19,
"type": "Feature",
"geometry": {
"type": "MultiPolygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
[
-0.071238522397017,
51.51316215405047
],
[
-0.071016970506632,
51.513217134136646
],
[
-0.070790832899726,
51.51293592596811
],
[
-0.071200657537814,
51.512872318283186
],
[
-0.071238522397017,
51.51316215405047
]
]
]
]
},
"properties": {
"b_number": "1",
"b_name": "Zetland House",
"street": "North Tenter Street",
"address": "Zetland House, 1 North Tenter Street",
"feature_type": "WHITECHAPEL_BUILDING",
"count": 2,
"search_str": "Zetland House"
},
"tags": []
},
"body": "<p>This was the site of the Jews’ Orphan Asylum from 1846 to 1876. This institution, a boarding school for Jewish orphans, had begun in 1831 in response to the impact of cholera. Its first home was in a house on the east side of Leman Street (the site of No. 79), and it crossed to the west side (No. 78) in 1844. The charity attracted funding from high-profile supporters and a donation of £2,000 in that year from Abraham Lyon Moses (1775–1854), a more widely philanthropic Aldgate-based wholesale clothier who specialised in sailors’ work wear. This permitted the Leman Street house to be abandoned in favour of a purpose-built Jews’ Orphan Asylum on a large plot immediately north of St Mark’s Church, with frontages to St Mark’s Street and East Tenter Street. It was built in 1846 by Richard Ashby, the architect remains unknown.[^1]</p>\n\n<p>The first building allowed for forty orphans to be housed, educated and trained before being placed out in apprenticeships. A critical internal report in 1853 found the premises satisfactory, but the educational standards ‘radically faulty’ and the children dull – ‘the reflex of intellect not apparent in physiognomy, gait or conversation’. It urged modernization through the introduction of a Pestalozzian system of instruction for a school of eighteen boys and ten girls.[^2] Perhaps action was taken. Remembering the place in the early 1860s, the Rev. Charles Voysey recalled ‘a very home-like comfortable building, which looked always light and glad and rang too with merry voices as of children who were loved’.[^3] </p>\n\n<p>The Asylum was substantially enlarged in 1865–6 to designs by Nathan Solomon Joseph, a committee member, with A. M. Cohen & Co. as builders. This resulted in an oddly asymmetrical T layout, the top bar of which was Joseph’s symmetrical almshouse-like three-storey range along St Mark’s Street. There was a Dutch gable over a central entrance flanked by five-bay dormitory wings. The main block behind remained flanked by open ground north and south for enclosed courtyards or playgrounds. Further expansion in 1871 increased the number of beds.[^4] </p>\n\n<p>In 1876 the Asylum merged with the German or Ashkenazi Jews’ Hospital (<em>Neveh Zedek</em>, Abode of Righteousness), founded in 1795 following a proposal by Abraham and Benjamin Goldsmid, opened on the south side of Mile End Road in 1807, and re-established in larger premises in West Norwood in 1863, where the Asylum’s children now moved. The Asylum site was transformed by the merged institution, which in 1879–80 redeveloped along St Mark’s Street putting up nine shop units that were known as Tenter Buildings. Tenements were built above with four large commercial blocks to East Tenter Street following in 1882–3.[^5] </p>\n\n<p>War damage condemned these buildings and the site was cleared in 1954. The property was picked up by the Grosvenor Land Co. (Holdings) Ltd, an unexpected interloper in Whitechapel, which in 1962 put forward plans for a four-storey and basement warehouse across the whole site, in what appears to have been a speculation. Designed by Nicol Stuart Morrow, this warehouse was built in 1963–4, with William Moss & Sons Ltd, of Cricklewood, as builders. It is a strikingly bold Modernist building, steel-framed with reinforced-concrete slab floors for large open interiors. The elevations are faced with dark-grey flint brick, with sections of the upper storeys projecting on pilotis, and narrow high-level strip windows that keep the place private, something reinforced by an absence of signage. By 1968 the premises were called <strong>Zetland House </strong>(1 North Tenter Street), after an early occupant. The Zetland Warehouse Co. Ltd then took ownership, occupancy passing to A. Beckman Ltd, textile wholesalers. The Midland Bank converted the building in 1978–9, inserting racking for archives and other storage, the top floor being laid out as offices. There was subsequent use as a cheque-processing centre for Barclays Bank. Since 2010 the building has been occupied by N. M. Rothschild & Sons Ltd, an investment bank and financial services company.[^6] </p>\n\n<p>[^1]: <em>The Builder</em>, 9 March 1844, p.120; 21 March 1846, p.141: <em>London Daily News</em>, 11 March 1846, p.7: University of Southampton Hartley Library Special Collections, MS127/AJ19/B/1: London Metropolitan Archives, District Surveyors Returns (DSR): W. D. Rubinstein, M. Jolles and H. L. Rubinstein, <em>The Palgrave Dictionary of Anglo-Jewish History</em>, 2011, p.667</p>\n\n<p>[^2]: University of Southampton Hartley Library Special Collections, MS127/AJ19/C/76/1</p>\n\n<p>[^3]: Charles Voysey, <em>A Corner in the Kingdom of God, 1861–1863</em>, 1905, p.6</p>\n\n<p>[^4]: University of Southampton Hartley Library Special Collections, MS127/AJ19/B/6, pp.201–22: <em>The Builder</em>, 24 June 1865, p.456: <em>Jewish Chronicle (JC)</em>, 9 April 1897: Ordnance Survey maps (OS)</p>\n\n<p>[^5]: OS: DSR: <em>The Builder</em> 12 July 1879, p.790: Goad insurance maps: <em>JC</em>, 9 April 1897: University of Southampton Hartley Library Special Collections, MS127/AJ19/C/76/8</p>\n\n<p>[^6]: Post Office Directories: OS: Goad: Tower Hamlets planning applications online: Tower Hamlets Local History Library and Archives, Building Control file 22866: www.businessarchivesjournals.org.uk/Filename.ashx?tableName=ta_businessarchives&columnName=filename&recordId=41<a href=\"https://www.sherlingandpartners.co.uk/north-tenter-street-london\">www.sherlingandpartners.co.uk/north-tenter-street-london</a>: <a href=\"https://addressesandpostcodes.co.uk/address/rxNGIevb/n-m-rothschild-sons-1-north-tenter-street-london-e1-8dl.html\">addressesandpostcodes.co.uk/address/rxNGIevb/n-m-rothschild-sons-1-north-tenter-street-london-e1-8dl.html</a></p>\n\n<p> </p>\n",
"created": "2020-08-04",
"last_edited": "2020-10-20"
},
{
"id": 975,
"title": "Clay pipe kiln ",
"author": {
"id": 118,
"username": "david2"
},
"feature": {
"id": 350,
"type": "Feature",
"geometry": {
"type": "MultiPolygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
[
-0.074647451142337,
51.51530527967592
],
[
-0.074357471765638,
51.515414167283886
],
[
-0.073990659509213,
51.51505709668585
],
[
-0.074395588069206,
51.514895160577964
],
[
-0.074663489419344,
51.51509835683479
],
[
-0.074491595155131,
51.515179363370244
],
[
-0.074647451142337,
51.51530527967592
]
]
]
]
},
"properties": {
"b_number": "2-14",
"b_name": "United Standard House",
"street": "Middlesex Street",
"address": "2 to 14 Middlesex Street",
"feature_type": "WHITECHAPEL_BUILDING",
"count": 16,
"search_str": "United Standard House"
},
"tags": []
},
"body": "<p>During archaeological excavations of the \"Boar's Head Playhouse\" (an Elizabethan theatre, most of which is preserved and protected) I was a \"relief supervisor\" on this site, popping in on occasions that the archaeologist in charge (Heather Knight) had to attend to other duties. So it was that I ended up supervising people digging up this 18th-century clay pipe kiln. It dates to the period after the theatre had closed and when the area was becoming a warren of small enterprises. In over thirty years digging, I haven't seen so complete a clay pipe kiln. They're mostly small backyard affairs and pipe makers would buy in china clay, and then sell on pipes, as small family businesses. This 3D model, with notes, gives a good impression of the sort of multiphase sites we have in London, with later 19th-c brickwork left in place too. Anyway, here's a link to the model https://skfb.ly/6OBMD</p>\n\n<p> </p>\n",
"created": "2019-11-29",
"last_edited": "2021-05-04"
},
{
"id": 1087,
"title": "The Countess Wolozynski",
"author": {
"id": 303,
"username": "fergy_guitar"
},
"feature": {
"id": 840,
"type": "Feature",
"geometry": {
"type": "MultiPolygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
[
-0.063631886624081,
51.517138950576246
],
[
-0.063668493477288,
51.517259175712894
],
[
-0.063670437423206,
51.517306208245834
],
[
-0.063554648179843,
51.51732290860081
],
[
-0.063511558586676,
51.517153395677255
],
[
-0.063631886624081,
51.517138950576246
]
]
]
]
},
"properties": {
"b_number": "83",
"b_name": "",
"street": "Fieldgate Street",
"address": "Tayyabs (former Queen's Head public house), 83 Fieldgate Street",
"feature_type": "WHITECHAPEL_BUILDING",
"count": 8,
"search_str": "Tayyabs (former Queen's Head public house), 83 Fieldgate Street"
},
"tags": []
},
"body": "<p>I moved to London in 1988 and a workmate took me to the Queen's Head and introduced me to George the Pole and his wife, Eileen. </p>\n\n<p>George was indeed Polish aristocracy, or at least he would have been if his family had not had to flee in the 1905-1907 revolution, and he was the current Count Worzinsky (sp?)[Editor's note: the correct spelling is Wolozynski. Information from Leigh Lysette Dixon, George's granddaughter, 10 Aug 2021]. Eileen was actually a Londoner from the southwest of the city somewhere and I have a vague recollection of her telling me her father had been a policeman. </p>\n\n<p>They were both lovely people and I remember it being the first place I had ever seen cherry vodka - he even had it on the optic. Eileen loved lots of jewellery and I am not being unkind when I say she had a collection of the most 'interesting' wigs. </p>\n\n<p>George did not seem to pay much attention to trivialities like licensing hours but it probably didn't matter as half his clientele appeared to be police detectives. He died about 1989 or 1990 and Eileen ran it alone for a while but eventually it was too much and she sold it. I have no idea where she went.</p>\n",
"created": "2020-06-26",
"last_edited": "2021-08-13"
},
{
"id": 119,
"title": "Historic England list description for The London Hospital",
"author": {
"id": 11,
"username": "amyspencer"
},
"feature": {
"id": 1230,
"type": "Feature",
"geometry": {
"type": "MultiPolygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
[
-0.06071898744648,
51.51847914149303
],
[
-0.060743358937849,
51.518529899918775
],
[
-0.060362148562617,
51.518618013153
],
[
-0.060404024127419,
51.51868851949335
],
[
-0.060356952993906,
51.51869974522794
],
[
-0.060399234817198,
51.51877056309998
],
[
-0.060042469531136,
51.5188530372297
],
[
-0.060006551123239,
51.51879256032364
],
[
-0.05997171006068,
51.51880061452483
],
[
-0.059923949522789,
51.51872019830377
],
[
-0.059602716389847,
51.51879445706454
],
[
-0.059631951693606,
51.51884368227145
],
[
-0.059135089420495,
51.51895853862307
],
[
-0.059031394281591,
51.51878393727422
],
[
-0.059075483581288,
51.51877374555587
],
[
-0.05923306113512,
51.518737319626666
],
[
-0.059261815633844,
51.518785736083466
],
[
-0.059453095208379,
51.51874286661955
],
[
-0.059437777096903,
51.51871791341666
],
[
-0.059509844762857,
51.518701022201654
],
[
-0.059472510825189,
51.51863713193043
],
[
-0.059893693119402,
51.51853565124978
],
[
-0.059897251108141,
51.51854177905041
],
[
-0.060406197614306,
51.5184267554985
],
[
-0.060388475186227,
51.51839623334771
],
[
-0.060226549751936,
51.51811735804654
],
[
-0.060490662909997,
51.51805857683586
],
[
-0.060500593175314,
51.518078725457706
],
[
-0.06071898744648,
51.51847914149303
]
]
]
]
},
"properties": {
"b_number": "",
"b_name": "Former Royal London Hospital",
"street": "",
"address": "Former Royal London Hospital ",
"feature_type": "WHITECHAPEL_BUILDING",
"count": 53,
"search_str": "Former Royal London Hospital"
},
"tags": []
},
"body": "<p>Excerpt from Historic England list entry for The London Hospital (listed at Grade II):</p>\n\n<p>WHITECHAPEL ROAD E1 1. 4431 (South Side) The London Hospital<br>\n<br>\nTQ 3481 15/523 21.9.73<br>\n<br>\nII GV<br>\n<br>\n2. Begun 1751. Architect Boulton Mainwaring. Later alterations and additions. Brick with slate roof. Central advanced block of 7 bays with pediment over 5 bays, clock in tympanum and balustraded parapet. Arcaded ground floor with rusticated brick arches. Windows separated by pilasters through 1st and 2nd floors with 2 pairs at each end. Eastern reveal had round arched window with tracery and similar one remains on facade. Flanking recessed 6 bay wings to east and west 4 storeys and dormers leading to eastern advanced wings of 11 bays. Yellow brick, stone cornice to parapet. Band above 1st floor. Gauged flat arches to recessed windows. <br>\n<br>\nNos 138 to 174 (even) form a group with The London Hospital.[^1]</p>\n\n<p>[^1]: Historic England, National Heritage List for England, list entry number: 1065788 (online: https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1065788, accessed 26 August 2016).</p>\n",
"created": "2016-08-26",
"last_edited": "2021-05-10"
},
{
"id": 132,
"title": "Memories of Priscilla Church",
"author": {
"id": 18,
"username": "shahedsaleem"
},
"feature": {
"id": 1230,
"type": "Feature",
"geometry": {
"type": "MultiPolygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
[
-0.06071898744648,
51.51847914149303
],
[
-0.060743358937849,
51.518529899918775
],
[
-0.060362148562617,
51.518618013153
],
[
-0.060404024127419,
51.51868851949335
],
[
-0.060356952993906,
51.51869974522794
],
[
-0.060399234817198,
51.51877056309998
],
[
-0.060042469531136,
51.5188530372297
],
[
-0.060006551123239,
51.51879256032364
],
[
-0.05997171006068,
51.51880061452483
],
[
-0.059923949522789,
51.51872019830377
],
[
-0.059602716389847,
51.51879445706454
],
[
-0.059631951693606,
51.51884368227145
],
[
-0.059135089420495,
51.51895853862307
],
[
-0.059031394281591,
51.51878393727422
],
[
-0.059075483581288,
51.51877374555587
],
[
-0.05923306113512,
51.518737319626666
],
[
-0.059261815633844,
51.518785736083466
],
[
-0.059453095208379,
51.51874286661955
],
[
-0.059437777096903,
51.51871791341666
],
[
-0.059509844762857,
51.518701022201654
],
[
-0.059472510825189,
51.51863713193043
],
[
-0.059893693119402,
51.51853565124978
],
[
-0.059897251108141,
51.51854177905041
],
[
-0.060406197614306,
51.5184267554985
],
[
-0.060388475186227,
51.51839623334771
],
[
-0.060226549751936,
51.51811735804654
],
[
-0.060490662909997,
51.51805857683586
],
[
-0.060500593175314,
51.518078725457706
],
[
-0.06071898744648,
51.51847914149303
]
]
]
]
},
"properties": {
"b_number": "",
"b_name": "Former Royal London Hospital",
"street": "",
"address": "Former Royal London Hospital ",
"feature_type": "WHITECHAPEL_BUILDING",
"count": 53,
"search_str": "Former Royal London Hospital"
},
"tags": []
},
"body": "<p>Priscilla Church was a student nurse at the Royal London Hospital from 1982 to 1985, and a staff nurse until 1986. She then returned to the hospital as a midwife from 1993-1996. These are some of her recollections of her time there:</p>\n\n<p>The flats [Knutsford House] were really nice – a tiny kitchen and bathroom, a living room and bedroom. I was very comfy for the year I lived there when I was working as a midwifery sister, in the 1990s. I looked out at the front and the helicopter landed just outside which was really interesting especially as it was quite a new ‘ambulance’.</p>\n\n<p>The other homes I lived in as a student nurse were initially Mildmay Mission hospital in Shoreditch (now an HIV/Aids hospice); Luckes; Cavell; John Harrison and Brierley. The last two were in Philpott Street.</p>\n\n<p>We never discussed the uniform either. When I started as a student nurse the hospital had a uniform room where seamstresses made the uniforms to measure. We had detachable collars so that you would change your collar and apron each shift and the dress a couple of times a week. We had removal buttons as well as a collar stud which all had to be removed for laundering, which was done at the hospital too. We also had a starched cap which took some time to make up. Aprons were starched white cotton and only ever worn on the ward. Any duties that took you off the ward e.g. going to pharmacy, one took the apron off. I always get very annoyed in films, or tv where a nurse will where an apron when not on the ward. We had lovely purple cloaks for travelling between the nurses home and the ward. They were also useful on night duty during our breaks – they made a good blanket to keep us warm – four o’clock in the morning is a very cold time. The students wore purple gingham; staff nurses were in purple and sisters wore blue and had detachable sleeves and frills on their caps. ‘Purple passions’ were ill-fitting uniforms worn by students in their first eight weeks when we might visit a ward for a few hours. This was during our induction when we were based in the school of nursing (Philpott Street) (and before our made to measure uniforms were ready). Although modern uniforms are easier to wear and launder I always felt that we looked very smart and professional in the old uniform. One of the seamstresses in the uniform room was willing to make a copy of the student uniform for a ‘big doll’; which I had made and still have and love.</p>\n\n<p> </p>\n\n<p> </p>\n",
"created": "2016-08-31",
"last_edited": "2021-05-10"
},
{
"id": 309,
"title": "45 to 85 Whitechapel Road - early history including King's Arms Court and Black Lion Yard",
"author": {
"id": 2,
"username": "surveyoflondon"
},
"feature": {
"id": 110,
"type": "Feature",
"geometry": {
"type": "MultiPolygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
[
-0.068875065813198,
51.51680618626088
],
[
-0.068233962527126,
51.51709686130626
],
[
-0.068193126832432,
51.51709810196207
],
[
-0.06803175834714,
51.51694741537769
],
[
-0.068035066372894,
51.51692928040864
],
[
-0.068693665039632,
51.51662552872135
],
[
-0.068880836468908,
51.51678326013327
],
[
-0.068875065813198,
51.51680618626088
]
]
]
]
},
"properties": {
"b_number": "45",
"b_name": "Black Lion House",
"street": "Whitechapel Road",
"address": "Black Lion House, 45 Whitechapel Road",
"feature_type": "WHITECHAPEL_BUILDING",
"count": 8,
"search_str": "Black Lion House"
},
"tags": []
},
"body": "<p>The original <strong>Black Lion House</strong> (on the site that was later that of 37 Whitechapel Road) was with adjacent properties held in the 1760s by Paul Johnson, a ropemaker, and then, in the 1790s, by his relative James Exeter. James Davenport, a surgeon instrument maker, was at the site of No. 33 in 1790 and the Windmill public house was at that of No. 41 early in the eighteenth century.[^1] Between what became Nos 43 and 45 was the entrance to Size Yard, a builder’s yard with four or five houses. These and others nearby (seven in total) were destroyed by fire in 1783. Edward Colebatch, a builder, was probably responsible for reconstruction; in 1790 he had a workshop and other premises here.[^2] The builders’ yard passed to Joseph and James Little by 1810, then to Thomas Little. There was also sugar-refining in Size Yard from 1808 to the mid 1820s. After another huge fire in 1873 that fed on Little’s stocks of timber, there was extensive rebuilding. The Whitechapel Road frontage was redeveloped in 1884.[^3] From 1894 what became No. 47 was Isaac Abrahams & Sons cigar factory, destroyed in the Second World War.[^4]</p>\n\n<p>In the early eighteenth century, the King’s Arms public house was at the site of Nos 55–57, about where <strong>King’s Arms Court</strong> now meets Whitechapel Road. Under it was the entrance to Coles Alley (later King’s Arms Court). In the 1770s the King’s Arms had a skittle ground, a brewhouse (with a malt shop, loft and cooler over the passage), a millhouse and three houses, extending back to the Cock and Key public house at what ended up as 52 Old Montague Street. William Menish (d.1813, age 79) held all this property by 1770 and extended his tenure with a 99-year lease in 1779. A chemist, Menish was later identified as a ‘sal-ammoniac manufacturer’, having patented the production of sal ammonia by a sulphate process in 1792, for use by jewellers and stained-glass makers, possibly also in foodstuffs. Menish was manufacturing hartshorn (ammonium carbonate), probably for medicinal purposes, at 111 Whitechapel Road in 1805, in which year he sublet his Coles Alley premises to John Burnell, a horner of Old Montague Street. At this point, John Warner had a foundry on Coles Alley.[^5] The King’s Arms public house retreated to the west side of the court entrance (No. 57) and William and Henry Clayton, drapers, held sway at the site of Nos 53–55 from a rebuilding of 1847 to 1890–1 when those premises were adapted to be Tee-To-Tum Tea Stores, a café and club for the Tea Planters’ Association, with A. H. Thompson as the architect.[^6]</p>\n\n<p><strong>Black Lion Yard</strong> was present by 1674, probably formed earlier in that century. It was entered between what became Nos 75 and 77, the eponymous Black Lion public house being on the east side up to the 1770s but apparently no later. The yard was humbly built up, extensively by 1680 and solidly with as many as fifty small houses by 1728 when it accommodated a molly house (a place for gay men and transvestites to gather) owned by Jonathan Muff (aka Miss Muff) where nine ‘male Ladies’ including Muff were arrested, sex between men then being a capital offence. A small court off the west side towards the south end was an abortive stump of what had been intended to be a larger development that was to have been called Crowe’s Court. Confusingly, there was a Red Lion public house on the east side of Black Lion Yard by 1750 up to about 1900. John Chapman, the victualler there in the 1830s was also a surgeon’s instrument maker. By this time the ownership of property hereabouts was fragmented. In 1891 the Census recorded 264 people residing in Black Lion Yard, said in Booth’s survey to be a mix of Irish and Jewish. In 1903 a synagogue was built behind what later became No. 14 (half-way along on the east side), the work being done for A. Cohen to plans by P. Cornish. Around this time the small two- to four-storey shophouses that lined Black Lion Yard began to become a centre of the Jewish jewellery trade.[^7]</p>\n\n<p>In 1723–5 John Bartholomew, a bricklayer, and Robert Abbott, a carpenter, both of Whitechapel, built a 32ft-front house with a workshop close to Black Lion Yard. It was first occupied by John Cordwell, a framework knitter.[^8] There was a break in the building line between Nos 83 and 85 (present until the 1970s) that marked the entrance to Trumpet Court, another seventeenth-century development of some 20–25 houses.[^9] From the site of No. 61 east to the corner with Great Garden Street there were piecemeal rebuildings, Nos 61, 63, 67, 69 and 89 all being replaced in 1848–53, Nos 91–95 at the corner in 1886–7 (following the widening of Great Garden Street) and Nos 85–87 in 1925.[^10]</p>\n\n<p>[^1]: Land Tax: London Metropolitan Archives (LMA), THCS/202–314</p>\n\n<p>[^2]: Tower Hamlets Local History Library and Archives, P/HLC/1/14/7: Land Tax</p>\n\n<p>[^3]:<em> The Builder</em>, 19 July 1873, p. 576: District Surveyors Returns (DSR): LMA, THCS/314: Bryan's Mawer sugar database</p>\n\n<p>[^4]: LMA, GLC/AR/BR/29/089301: The National Archives (TNA), IR58/84805/2235: Post Office Directories (POD): Land Tax</p>\n\n<p>[^5]: LMA, ACC/0354/001–5: Land Tax: Albert Edward Musson, <em>Science and Technology in the Industrial Revolution</em>, 1969, p. 134</p>\n\n<p>[^6]: POD: <em>The Builder</em>, 24 May 1890, p. 386: DSR</p>\n\n<p>[^7]: <em>The Weekly Journal</em>, 5 October 1728: LMA, M/93/028 and 159; O/064/007; MDR1772/4/445; THCS/464; CLC/B/192/F/001/MS11936/530/1133148: TNA, E179143/370, rot. 33d: Land Tax: William Morgan's map, 1682: John Rocque's map, 1746: London School of Economics Archives, Booth/B/351, p. 133: DSR: POD</p>\n\n<p>[^8]: LMA, E/PHI/445–7</p>\n\n<p>[^9]: William Morgan's map, 1682: TNA, E179/143/370, rot. 33d: Land Tax</p>\n\n<p>[^10]: DSR</p>\n\n<p> </p>\n",
"created": "2017-03-29",
"last_edited": "2020-09-10"
},
{
"id": 913,
"title": "Royal Mint Estate",
"author": {
"id": 2,
"username": "surveyoflondon"
},
"feature": {
"id": 1700,
"type": "Feature",
"geometry": {
"type": "MultiPolygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
[
-0.070945132337544,
51.51021419997014
],
[
-0.070951067578723,
51.5102277140376
],
[
-0.070898811199882,
51.51023714629324
],
[
-0.070917381971465,
51.51027716141803
],
[
-0.070881130885056,
51.51028295731296
],
[
-0.070862738106381,
51.510248608310874
],
[
-0.070769476297735,
51.51026743533961
],
[
-0.070788252129627,
51.510301925514284
],
[
-0.070753203361862,
51.51030775757811
],
[
-0.070735310409513,
51.51027458406735
],
[
-0.07068160237232,
51.51028211859123
],
[
-0.070640721365031,
51.51018467843966
],
[
-0.070890187021744,
51.510140890147795
],
[
-0.070889379574192,
51.510138140235156
],
[
-0.070901160084848,
51.510135712013096
],
[
-0.070945132337544,
51.51021419997014
]
]
]
]
},
"properties": {
"b_number": "23-29",
"b_name": "",
"street": "Royal Mint Street",
"address": "23-29 Royal Mint Street, Royal Mint Estate",
"feature_type": "WHITECHAPEL_BUILDING",
"count": 7,
"search_str": "23-29 Royal Mint Street, Royal Mint Estate"
},
"tags": []
},
"body": "<p>The history of the site now occupied by the Royal Mint Estate involves the later parts of the Metropolitan Board of Works slum-clearance that started on the site now occupied by the Whitechapel Peabody Estate. Once the Peabody Estate was up, clearances to the west of the Great Eastern Railway Company's overhead line were undertaken in 1881–2. Darby Street was reconfigured and Cartwright Street widened and made a through road, that work done by F. H. Colepeper of New Cross. The MBW modified its plans, stipulating that blocks on this western side should accommodate 2,297. The sale at auction of four plots went ahead in 1884.[^1]</p>\n\n<p>Land to the south of Darby Street was taken by Thomas Stedman Fardell & Son, carmen and jobmasters, who had premises at Tower Hill, in two lots, for £3,350 and £750. The elder Fardell gained permission to build dwellings along the east side of Cartwright Street to release some of the backland from housing restrictions for the sake of the firm’s depot behind Brown Bear Alley off East Smithfield. Fardell’s Cartwright Street tenements went up in 1884–6 as Royal Albert Buildings, designed by Borer and Dobb, architects. This five-storey range was extended further south by J. R. Fardell in the early 1890s. To the north, what was now Darby Street Schools had survived the clearances, later becoming a mission hall.[^2] </p>\n\n<p>The west side of Cartwright Street is outside the area covered in these volumes, but for the sake of a complete account of the MBW slum-clearance project, the comparatively well-known blocks of dwellings that were built on linear plots there can be briefly described. Two plots here were sold in 1884. To the south, Katharine Buildings went up in 1884–5 for the East End Dwellings Company which had been formed in 1882 by the Rev. Samuel Barnett, Edward Bond and others. Davis and Emanuel were the architects of this long thin five-storey range with rear balcony access. This project, the Company's first, was experimental in that it aimed at housing those below artisan level, the truly poor.[^3] To its north, Alfred Buildings, built in 1886 with Wilson, Son & Aldwinckle as architects, took its name from the plot’s purchaser, Alfred Charles De Rothschild. Immediately to the west on Royal Mint Street, Sir Anthony De Rothschild had in the 1850s established the Royal Mint Refinery, for refining gold and silver.[^4]</p>\n\n<p>Finally, after some delay, the site north of Darby Street and behind the surviving shophouses of Royal Mint Street was dealt with. Plans had to be modified to avoid building on what had been the Aldgate Burial Ground. Thomas Pink, a Westminster building contractor, agreed to buy the site for £4,500 shortly before he died in September 1886. The project was taken forward by Pink, Fryer & Co., who built a complex that was named Royal Mint Square in 1887–8, possibly in association with the Westminster-based Metropolitan Industrial Dwellings Company, formed in 1886 to build artisan-housing blocks of fireproof construction. Seven connected five-storey blocks for 225 tenements, not quite a square as the east range curved alongside the railway viaduct, sported polychrome elevations with bay windows and shaped gables. The rooms were papered and finished with dados, and there were knockers to each front door in a development that aimed ‘for a somewhat better class of people than usually inhabit buildings of this description’.[^5] The square, which has been judged ‘a very poor example of private housing development’,[^6] is said to have housed skilled workers from the Royal Mint. Its northwest sections were taken down after bomb damage in the Second World War, the rest stood until 1975.[^7] </p>\n\n<p>Post-war reconstruction plans zoned the whole area around Royal Mint Street as for ‘general business’ and in 1960 there were plans for a large five-storey warehouse and office block on the east side of Cartwright Street at the Royal Mint Street corner. But this was not built and local industry declined while residential use persisted. In 1972 the Greater London Council decided with the agreement of Tower Hamlets Council to acquire all the properties between Blue Anchor Yard and Cartwright Street for a housing development. The existing housing had been cleared by 1975, with the disused railway viaduct and the industrial premises on the west side of John Fisher Street following on. Royal Mint Square Estate, later renamed the Royal Mint Estate, was built on this land in 1978–82, in what was among the GLC’s last big housing schemes.[^8]</p>\n\n<p>The GLC broke with its usual practice of in-house design and in 1973–4 sponsored an architectural competition for housing on the five-acre site at a density of 124 persons per acre, relatively low for such a central location. The brief was criticised as too rigid, but there were 299 entries. The competition’s assessors were Gabriel Epstein (chairman), Andrew Renton and Frederick Lloyd Roche, three architects, with Stanley Woolf, the senior assistant director of GLC housing. The winning scheme was by Andrews, Downie & Kelly with Pierre Lagesse, but they garnered no more than faint praise for the quality of their open and informal layout, the assessors finding the overall standard of the entries disappointing. The second- and third-placed schemes were by the Napper Errington Collerton Partnership, and Sebire Allsopp Mishcon, both proposing more orthogonal layouts with less open space. Other finalists were Nigel Greenhill and John Jenner, Christopher J. Stafford (a student), and Michael Mitchell and Luis Renau. </p>\n\n<p>Generally, low-rise solutions favoured private front doors and small private gardens in response to the changing architectural climate best exemplified by Lillington Gardens in Westminster, the result of London’s last large housing competition and completed in 1972. Simplicity was welcomed and the assessors found it ‘refreshing to note that few of the entrants venture into the participation game… What the architects have generally set out to do is design out the necessity for participation with management, by avoiding some of those features which have consistently caused problems in mass housing’.[^9]</p>\n\n<p>The winning scheme’s modest domesticity, otherwise received as an absence of forcefulness, has since won less equivocal approval. The project was led by Donald Downie with David Falla as the project architect heading up a team that included Uta Giencke, Rolfe Chrystal, Andrew Thomas, Susan McDonald, Rob Gooderham, Mike Defriez, Minty Mullen and Ian Burl. Lagesse was a consultant architect from within the GLC from where Mike Norton, the landscape architect, also came. Alan Baxter & Associates and Sinclair Johnston acted as engineers. Initially set to provide 157 dwellings for 559 people, revised up to 175 for 574 in 1975, the plans had to be altered in the other direction when the existence of the Aldgate Burial Ground came to light. This caused a year’s delay and resulted in the open space that became Royal Mint Green, and a reduction to 153 units. Complications over foundations and the need for double-glazing to mitigate traffic noise upped costs. Building work started in 1978 with Marshall-Andrew as contractors. Taken over by Norwest Holst and with costs unexpectedly high, these builders tried to renegotiate, but the GLC wound up the contract at the end of 1979 and all was left in abeyance for almost a year. Tilbury Construction completed the works in 1980–2.</p>\n\n<p>Grouped in three large snaking blocks, the estate comprises simple short rows of houses and maisonettes, with a few flats, nothing above four storeys, so has no lifts. It is intricately arranged, with much use of echelon or staggered planning and cross-wall construction. In what was called a ‘semi-Radburn layout’ it maximises open pedestrian-only space and succeeds in avoiding warren-like navigational incomprehensibility. There are loadbearing red-brown brick walls with timber floors in the houses, concrete floors in the maisonettes and flats. Slate hanging and monopitch roofs give the ranges lively and varied profiles. There are some integral garages, but not many. Preservation of the Crown and Seven Stars pub and the former warehouse at 41 and 47 Royal Mint Street catalysed the placing of communal space. The warehouse and an infill link to the pub were made a day centre for elderly residents, a shop and four maisonettes.[^10]</p>\n\n<p>The GLC’s Tory administration of 1977 intended to sell the Royal Mint Estate housing for owner-occupation, but this was reversed when Labour regained power in 1981 and the completed units were let as council housing. The estate has aged well and has been praised as ‘attractive and civilised’.[^11] It exemplifies the humane and undogmatic architecture that emerged at the end of the twentieth-century experience of council housing. Following the abolition of the GLC in 1986, the estate was transferred to Tower Hamlets. There was a general upgrade of landscaping and security in 2008 under the management of Tower Hamlets Homes.</p>\n\n<p>[^1]: London Metropolitan Archives, LMA, MBW/1838/17: Metropolitan Board of Works Minutes (MBW Mins), 3 June 1881, pp. 892–4; 9 Feb. 1883, pp. 249–51; 15 Feb. 1884, p. 326: Peabody Archives, WHC.11A–13: ed. C. J. Stewart, <em>The Housing Question in London</em>, 1900, pp.112–18</p>\n\n<p>[^2]: MBW Mins, 30 May 1884, p. 916: Stewart, p.117: LMA, LCC/VA/DD/169; Collage 118116,118133: Goad insurance map, 1887: London County Council Minutes, 29 July 1890, p. 753: Post Office Directories: information kindly supplied by Robert Ward: https://surveyoflondon.org/map/feature/1696/detail/</p>\n\n<p>[^3]: <em>The Builder</em>, 28 March 1885, pp. 446, 463: LMA, LCC/VA/DD/168: John Nelson Tarn, <em>Five Per Cent Philanthropy: an account of housing in urban areas between 1840 and 1914</em>, 1973, pp. 85, 87, 99–101: Philip Steadman, <em>Building Types and Built Forms</em>, 2014, pp. 17–22</p>\n\n<p>[^4]: <em>The Builder</em>, 13 Feb. 1886, p. 292: LMA, MBW/1838/17; LCC/VA/DD/170–1</p>\n\n<p>[^5]: <em>East London Observer</em>, 9 June 1888, p. 3</p>\n\n<p>[^6]: Tarn,<em>op. cit.</em>, 1973, p. 87</p>\n\n<p>[^7]: <em>The Builder</em>, 19 Jan. 1884, p. 113: MBW Mins, 28 May 1886, p. 1014; 23 Dec. 1887, p. 1112: <em>Morning Post</em>, 17 July 1886, p. 6: <em>The Standard</em>, 9 Feb. 1888, p. 3: Ancestry: LMA, LCC/VA/DD/169: Historic England Archives, BL08847–9</p>\n\n<p>[^8]: D. L. Munby, <em>Industry and Planning in Stepney</em>, 1951: LMA, GLC/AR/BR/13/113838: Greater London Council Minutes, 25 April 1972, p. 203</p>\n\n<p>[^9]: <em>Architects Journal</em>, 20 Nov 1974, pp. 1207–17</p>\n\n<p>[^10]: LMA, GLC/AR/BR/13/113838: <em>Building</em>, 22 Nov. 1974, p. 59; 29 Nov. 1974, pp. 59–63; 14 Aug. 1981, pp. 27–9: <em>Evening Standard</em>, 18 Jan. 1977</p>\n\n<p>[^11]: Bridget Cherry, Charles O’Brien and Nikolaus Pevsner, <em>The Buildings of England, London 5: East</em>, 2005, p. 490</p>\n",
"created": "2019-05-01",
"last_edited": "2020-09-15"
},
{
"id": 355,
"title": "Sold to property developers",
"author": {
"id": 123,
"username": "_crp_"
},
"feature": {
"id": 13,
"type": "Feature",
"geometry": {
"type": "MultiPolygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
[
-0.070300598211778,
51.51553175369474
],
[
-0.069909685041584,
51.51566601870094
],
[
-0.069762598214758,
51.51551508304666
],
[
-0.06980073408505,
51.51550203175569
],
[
-0.069734850402611,
51.515430598241764
],
[
-0.0696935021834,
51.515445550776434
],
[
-0.069553336995274,
51.515279095645894
],
[
-0.069960309630875,
51.51513532543541
],
[
-0.070300598211778,
51.51553175369474
]
]
]
]
},
"properties": {
"b_number": "59-63",
"b_name": "Central House, London Metropolitan University",
"street": "Whitechapel High Street",
"address": "Central House, 59-63 Whitechapel High Street",
"feature_type": "WHITECHAPEL_BUILDING",
"count": 18,
"search_str": "Central House, London Metropolitan University"
},
"tags": []
},
"body": "<p>The building was sold to the property development company Frasers Property (UK) Ltd for £50 million in 2016. London Metropolitan University is reported to have leased building back until August 2017, but will then relocate the faculty to Holloway.</p>\n\n<p>The building was originally built as a textiles warehouse in the 1960s. </p>\n\n<p>The Sir John Cass School of Art, Architecture and Design, formed in 1965 from the Sir John Cass College’s Department of Fine and Applied Art, merged with the Department of Silversmithing and Allied Crafts from the Central School of Art, and moved into Central House.</p>\n\n<p>Sources:</p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https//www.a-n.co.uk/news/cass-faculty-building-sold-to-property-developer-for-50m\">https//www.a-n.co.uk/news/cass-faculty-building-sold-to-property-developer-for-50m</a></p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://www.savethecass.org/sir-john-cass-college-becomes-school-of-art/\">http://www.savethecass.org/sir-john-cass-college-becomes-school-of-art/</a></p>\n",
"created": "2017-05-01",
"last_edited": "2020-10-03"
},
{
"id": 1090,
"title": "Central House in 2020",
"author": {
"id": 308,
"username": "ColinButtimer"
},
"feature": {
"id": 13,
"type": "Feature",
"geometry": {
"type": "MultiPolygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
[
-0.070300598211778,
51.51553175369474
],
[
-0.069909685041584,
51.51566601870094
],
[
-0.069762598214758,
51.51551508304666
],
[
-0.06980073408505,
51.51550203175569
],
[
-0.069734850402611,
51.515430598241764
],
[
-0.0696935021834,
51.515445550776434
],
[
-0.069553336995274,
51.515279095645894
],
[
-0.069960309630875,
51.51513532543541
],
[
-0.070300598211778,
51.51553175369474
]
]
]
]
},
"properties": {
"b_number": "59-63",
"b_name": "Central House, London Metropolitan University",
"street": "Whitechapel High Street",
"address": "Central House, 59-63 Whitechapel High Street",
"feature_type": "WHITECHAPEL_BUILDING",
"count": 18,
"search_str": "Central House, London Metropolitan University"
},
"tags": []
},
"body": "<p>I did my part-time foundation at Cass in 1992. It was the most interesting and enjoyable educational experience I’ve had by a country mile – thanks to the married tutors Nicky and Nico, and Nicky’s brother Nick who taught us life drawing; and to my fellow students, one of whom I’m still friends with. We used to drink in The Archers on Brick Lane, recently renamed and refurbished to appeal to a very different clientele than the mixed range of British and international students, younger and older, and mostly poorer than we were. </p>\n\n<p>At the time, I didn’t notice the Cass’s architecture, but once it was cleaned up a few years ago I loved it. What a modest, handsome, rational building it was. I was horrified and saddened to see it first beset by scaffolding like a metal plague, and now covered in brown sheeting like an ugly, alien funeral shroud. I’d heard from a friend that there were plans to add additional floors. I brace myself for the sight of something appalling along the lines of the extension of what was once the Camden Town Hall Annexe with its awful external red lift like an unwanted sex toy appendage. Our architecture can be such a transparent reflection of our times. Higher education shrinks and its vacated premises become yet more offices. </p>\n\n<p>I live in Whitechapel which, until recently, has mostly escaped the stultifying touch of gentrification, but now watch as the towers of the Silk District rise up and wonder how much more will come with Crossrail’s eventual arrival.</p>\n",
"created": "2020-07-30",
"last_edited": "2020-10-03"
},
{
"id": 890,
"title": "Conversion to a Town Hall",
"author": {
"id": 2,
"username": "surveyoflondon"
},
"feature": {
"id": 1230,
"type": "Feature",
"geometry": {
"type": "MultiPolygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
[
-0.06071898744648,
51.51847914149303
],
[
-0.060743358937849,
51.518529899918775
],
[
-0.060362148562617,
51.518618013153
],
[
-0.060404024127419,
51.51868851949335
],
[
-0.060356952993906,
51.51869974522794
],
[
-0.060399234817198,
51.51877056309998
],
[
-0.060042469531136,
51.5188530372297
],
[
-0.060006551123239,
51.51879256032364
],
[
-0.05997171006068,
51.51880061452483
],
[
-0.059923949522789,
51.51872019830377
],
[
-0.059602716389847,
51.51879445706454
],
[
-0.059631951693606,
51.51884368227145
],
[
-0.059135089420495,
51.51895853862307
],
[
-0.059031394281591,
51.51878393727422
],
[
-0.059075483581288,
51.51877374555587
],
[
-0.05923306113512,
51.518737319626666
],
[
-0.059261815633844,
51.518785736083466
],
[
-0.059453095208379,
51.51874286661955
],
[
-0.059437777096903,
51.51871791341666
],
[
-0.059509844762857,
51.518701022201654
],
[
-0.059472510825189,
51.51863713193043
],
[
-0.059893693119402,
51.51853565124978
],
[
-0.059897251108141,
51.51854177905041
],
[
-0.060406197614306,
51.5184267554985
],
[
-0.060388475186227,
51.51839623334771
],
[
-0.060226549751936,
51.51811735804654
],
[
-0.060490662909997,
51.51805857683586
],
[
-0.060500593175314,
51.518078725457706
],
[
-0.06071898744648,
51.51847914149303
]
]
]
]
},
"properties": {
"b_number": "",
"b_name": "Former Royal London Hospital",
"street": "",
"address": "Former Royal London Hospital ",
"feature_type": "WHITECHAPEL_BUILDING",
"count": 53,
"search_str": "Former Royal London Hospital"
},
"tags": []
},
"body": "<p>At the time of writing (2021), the former hospital is in the throes of adaptation and extension to provide a new town hall for Tower Hamlets Council. This major redevelopment scheme has been in genesis for a number of years, prompted by the looming expiration of the lease of the council’s headquarters at Mulberry Place in East India Docks. In 2013 the council produced a feasibility study for a town hall, concentrating on the former hospital and a site in Commercial Road. The hospital was vacant after the completion of its new premises, and gained preference. A significant factor was its location nearer the geographical centre of the borough, which presented an opportunity to reconfigure public services and council offices on a prominent and accessible site. The council intended to dispose of other bases in the borough to raise funds for the conversion of the hospital, which is likely to reach £115m. By operating only from the new town hall and John Onslow House towards the northern extremity of its jurisdiction in Bow, the council anticipates savings and efficiencies. The reuse of the hospital also forms a major component of Whitechapel Vision, the council’s scheme for local regeneration.[^99] </p>\n\n<p>Ian Chalk Architects (ICA) were appointed to produce a brief for the project, which was intended to form the basis of an invitation to tender. The initial proposal established a broad concept for the works. The main hospital building had been mutilated during the construction of the new hospital, with the clearance of the east wing and the Holland Wing. ICA recommended the retention and refurbishment of the surviving north front of the main hospital hospital in Whitechapel Road, including the Grocers’ Company’s Wing. The rear of the central block and the west wing were to be cleared for a new building. The site was purchased from Barts Health NHS Trust for £9m in 2015.[^100] </p>\n\n<p>In the following year, a team of consultants led by architects Allford Hall Monaghan Morris (AHMM) was appointed to develop the proposal. AHMM was selected to lead the initiative after a competition between six bidders invited to submit tenders. The winning team included Elliott Wood as structural engineers, Gerald Eve as planning consultants, Kinnear Landscape Architects, and Richard Griffiths Architects as heritage consultants. The brief was adjusted gradually to maximize space and increase the number of workstations to accommodate a workforce of approximately 2,500 employees. A reworking of the scheme proposed to replace the Grocers’ Company’s Wing with a modern block fronting Whitechapel Road, yet this was revised after objections from Historic England.[^101] </p>\n\n<p>A later proposal, which gained planning permission in 2018, accords with the initial scheme drawn up by ICA in the retention of the main range of 1752–9, the front block of 1890–1 and the façade of the Grocers’ Company’s Wing of 1873–6. The clearance of the west wing has made way for a significant rear extension comprising two modern blocks connected by a link block with a roof terrace. The height of the seven-storey west block was dictated by the scale of the adjoining dental hospital, while the four-storey east block was designed to lurk behind the Grocers’ Company’s Wing. The raised basement of the Grocers' Wing will be converted into a public entrance accessed from Whitechapel Road, faced with large expanses of glazing interspersed with steel columns. The new blocks are set to be clad with brickwork piers and glazed-brick panels, while the link block will be cocooned in aluminium curtain walling in colourss inspired by surviving fragments of terrazzo flooring. </p>\n\n<p>The town hall has been planned to accommodate a mixture of public amenities, council services and staff offices. The ground floor has been envisaged as a public space, containing a reception, a café, libraries, housing advice offices and a council chamber. The upper floors will be devoted to staff offices, including open-plan spaces, executive offices and meeting rooms. An atrium forms a narrow cleft between the main range of the hospital and the modern blocks, which are linked by bridges. The haphazard fenestration on the north front of the hospital, the outcome of successive alterations, will be retained. The original fenestration of the south front of the main range will be more legible, with the removal of balconies and other functional additions. AHMM intends to reuse hospital spaces, converting the former chapel into a staff refectory and the third-floor operating theatres into offices and meeting rooms. A prayer room will be behind the clock pediment of the front block. The east and west staircases of the central block will be retained as core spaces for circulation, lifts and sanitary facilities, a function curiously aligned with their original purpose in the hospital. The construction work uncovered original Serlian windows at the east end of the main range, along with steel beams and stanchions inserted as part of the remodelling and structural reinforcement of 1900–3. AHMM intends to retain the visibility of these historic traces in the finshed scheme. Preparatory works were started in 2018 by main contractor Bouygues, and completion is scheduled for 2022. A masterplan for a public square to the south of the civic centre is set to be prepared in collaboration with Barts Health NHS Trust.[^102] </p>\n\n<p>[^99]: https://towerhamlets.gov.uk/lgnl/council_and_democracy/council_departments_and_offic/A_new_civic_centre.aspx: PA/17/02825/A1: https://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/lgnl/council_and_democracy/New_town_hall/New_Town_Hall.aspx: THP</p>\n\n<p>[^100]: <em>East London Advertiser</em>, 6 February 2015, 11 November 2015, 13 December 2018: <em>Evening Standard</em>, 6 February 2015:<a href=\"https://www.ianchalkarchitects.com/towerhamletstownhall\">https://www.ianchalkarchitects.com/towerhamletstownhall</a>.</p>\n\n<p>[^101]: <em>Construction Manager</em>, 5 April 2016: <a href=\"https://www.ahmm.co.uk/projectDetails/200/Tower-Hamlets-Civic-Centre\">https://www.ahmm.co.uk/projectDetails/200/Tower-Hamlets-Civic-Centre</a>.</p>\n\n<p>[^102]: https://bouygues-uk.com/preparatory-works-start-at-tower-hamlets-new-town-hall-site:<em>AJ</em>, 8 March 2018: <em>Building</em>, 23 February 2018, p. 17: information kindly supplied by Sam Scott, AHMM</p>\n",
"created": "2019-04-29",
"last_edited": "2021-05-10"
},
{
"id": 189,
"title": "Birthplace",
"author": {
"id": 77,
"username": "steve"
},
"feature": {
"id": 1230,
"type": "Feature",
"geometry": {
"type": "MultiPolygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
[
-0.06071898744648,
51.51847914149303
],
[
-0.060743358937849,
51.518529899918775
],
[
-0.060362148562617,
51.518618013153
],
[
-0.060404024127419,
51.51868851949335
],
[
-0.060356952993906,
51.51869974522794
],
[
-0.060399234817198,
51.51877056309998
],
[
-0.060042469531136,
51.5188530372297
],
[
-0.060006551123239,
51.51879256032364
],
[
-0.05997171006068,
51.51880061452483
],
[
-0.059923949522789,
51.51872019830377
],
[
-0.059602716389847,
51.51879445706454
],
[
-0.059631951693606,
51.51884368227145
],
[
-0.059135089420495,
51.51895853862307
],
[
-0.059031394281591,
51.51878393727422
],
[
-0.059075483581288,
51.51877374555587
],
[
-0.05923306113512,
51.518737319626666
],
[
-0.059261815633844,
51.518785736083466
],
[
-0.059453095208379,
51.51874286661955
],
[
-0.059437777096903,
51.51871791341666
],
[
-0.059509844762857,
51.518701022201654
],
[
-0.059472510825189,
51.51863713193043
],
[
-0.059893693119402,
51.51853565124978
],
[
-0.059897251108141,
51.51854177905041
],
[
-0.060406197614306,
51.5184267554985
],
[
-0.060388475186227,
51.51839623334771
],
[
-0.060226549751936,
51.51811735804654
],
[
-0.060490662909997,
51.51805857683586
],
[
-0.060500593175314,
51.518078725457706
],
[
-0.06071898744648,
51.51847914149303
]
]
]
]
},
"properties": {
"b_number": "",
"b_name": "Former Royal London Hospital",
"street": "",
"address": "Former Royal London Hospital ",
"feature_type": "WHITECHAPEL_BUILDING",
"count": 53,
"search_str": "Former Royal London Hospital"
},
"tags": []
},
"body": "<p>I made my way into the world in the Marie Celeste Ward of the London Hospital in December 1949. I have many memories of visits to this hospital for broken arms, a stiff neck and other forms of accidents etc. A lasting memory, which although at the time did not mean much to me, was being asked by my headmaster Rhodes Boyson to deliver a letter to a Professor Francis Camps.</p>\n\n<p>Like others who lived in the East End, this hospital holds many memories, some good, some not quite so good but again like many others, we owe so much to this place and the marvelous staff who, throughout the years, have worked within its walls.</p>\n",
"created": "2016-11-05",
"last_edited": "2021-05-10"
},
{
"id": 191,
"title": "Print of Marie Celeste Hora (c. 1900)",
"author": {
"id": 22,
"username": "sarahannmilne"
},
"feature": {
"id": 1230,
"type": "Feature",
"geometry": {
"type": "MultiPolygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
[
-0.06071898744648,
51.51847914149303
],
[
-0.060743358937849,
51.518529899918775
],
[
-0.060362148562617,
51.518618013153
],
[
-0.060404024127419,
51.51868851949335
],
[
-0.060356952993906,
51.51869974522794
],
[
-0.060399234817198,
51.51877056309998
],
[
-0.060042469531136,
51.5188530372297
],
[
-0.060006551123239,
51.51879256032364
],
[
-0.05997171006068,
51.51880061452483
],
[
-0.059923949522789,
51.51872019830377
],
[
-0.059602716389847,
51.51879445706454
],
[
-0.059631951693606,
51.51884368227145
],
[
-0.059135089420495,
51.51895853862307
],
[
-0.059031394281591,
51.51878393727422
],
[
-0.059075483581288,
51.51877374555587
],
[
-0.05923306113512,
51.518737319626666
],
[
-0.059261815633844,
51.518785736083466
],
[
-0.059453095208379,
51.51874286661955
],
[
-0.059437777096903,
51.51871791341666
],
[
-0.059509844762857,
51.518701022201654
],
[
-0.059472510825189,
51.51863713193043
],
[
-0.059893693119402,
51.51853565124978
],
[
-0.059897251108141,
51.51854177905041
],
[
-0.060406197614306,
51.5184267554985
],
[
-0.060388475186227,
51.51839623334771
],
[
-0.060226549751936,
51.51811735804654
],
[
-0.060490662909997,
51.51805857683586
],
[
-0.060500593175314,
51.518078725457706
],
[
-0.06071898744648,
51.51847914149303
]
]
]
]
},
"properties": {
"b_number": "",
"b_name": "Former Royal London Hospital",
"street": "",
"address": "Former Royal London Hospital ",
"feature_type": "WHITECHAPEL_BUILDING",
"count": 53,
"search_str": "Former Royal London Hospital"
},
"tags": []
},
"body": "<p>A print of Marie Celeste Hora is held in the Royal London Hospital Archives: </p>\n\n<p><a href=\"http://h ttp://www.calmhosting01.com/BartsHealth/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Cata log&id=RLHINV%2f500&pos=5\">http://www.calmhosting01.com/BartsHealth/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=RLHINV%2f500&pos=5</a></p>\n\n<p>The Marie Celeste Maternity Ward was so called in 1898 after James Hora endowed the Samaritan Society (founded 1791 by William Blizard) with a large annual subscription in honour of his late first wife, Marie Celeste Hora. In Clark-Kennedy's view, \"it does seem a pity that the Samaritan Society, founded by Blizard in the eighteenth century and the first society of its kind, should have become associated with an obscure nineteenth century lady who had never had any connection with the hospital\".[^1] </p>\n\n<p>[^1]: Clark-Kennedy, <em>London Pride</em>, p. 154</p>\n",
"created": "2016-11-08",
"last_edited": "2021-05-10"
},
{
"id": 394,
"title": "The Jewish community",
"author": {
"id": 163,
"username": "Jil"
},
"feature": {
"id": 1230,
"type": "Feature",
"geometry": {
"type": "MultiPolygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
[
-0.06071898744648,
51.51847914149303
],
[
-0.060743358937849,
51.518529899918775
],
[
-0.060362148562617,
51.518618013153
],
[
-0.060404024127419,
51.51868851949335
],
[
-0.060356952993906,
51.51869974522794
],
[
-0.060399234817198,
51.51877056309998
],
[
-0.060042469531136,
51.5188530372297
],
[
-0.060006551123239,
51.51879256032364
],
[
-0.05997171006068,
51.51880061452483
],
[
-0.059923949522789,
51.51872019830377
],
[
-0.059602716389847,
51.51879445706454
],
[
-0.059631951693606,
51.51884368227145
],
[
-0.059135089420495,
51.51895853862307
],
[
-0.059031394281591,
51.51878393727422
],
[
-0.059075483581288,
51.51877374555587
],
[
-0.05923306113512,
51.518737319626666
],
[
-0.059261815633844,
51.518785736083466
],
[
-0.059453095208379,
51.51874286661955
],
[
-0.059437777096903,
51.51871791341666
],
[
-0.059509844762857,
51.518701022201654
],
[
-0.059472510825189,
51.51863713193043
],
[
-0.059893693119402,
51.51853565124978
],
[
-0.059897251108141,
51.51854177905041
],
[
-0.060406197614306,
51.5184267554985
],
[
-0.060388475186227,
51.51839623334771
],
[
-0.060226549751936,
51.51811735804654
],
[
-0.060490662909997,
51.51805857683586
],
[
-0.060500593175314,
51.518078725457706
],
[
-0.06071898744648,
51.51847914149303
]
]
]
]
},
"properties": {
"b_number": "",
"b_name": "Former Royal London Hospital",
"street": "",
"address": "Former Royal London Hospital ",
"feature_type": "WHITECHAPEL_BUILDING",
"count": 53,
"search_str": "Former Royal London Hospital"
},
"tags": []
},
"body": "<p>The small terraced houses behind the London Hospital were occupied by local residents for much of the time I worked there in the 1960s. Previously I had very little contact with the strict Jewish community, apart from the occasional Liberal Jewish patient in the hospital in Brighton, where I had trained as a nurse. One day, on my way back to John Harrison House, the new nurses' home, in uniform, having just come off duty, I was called out to by an elderly woman at her front door asking if I could help her. When I went to her door, she asked me if I could come in and light her fire. Surprised at this request, I went in to find the fire already laid and it just needed a match put to it. I lit the fire and then asked her why she had not been able to do this herself. She gently explained that it was past dusk on Friday evening, her Sabbath, and her religion prevented her from doing any work, including lighting the fire. My first, but not my last, experience of the strict Jewish community in the area at that time. From then on, each week, when I could, I called into the same woman to light her fire and have the occasional cup of tea with her; which I made and drank without milk. To this day, I still drink tea without milk!</p>\n",
"created": "2017-06-13",
"last_edited": "2021-05-10"
},
{
"id": 1076,
"title": "Whitechapel Police Office (demolished)",
"author": {
"id": 2,
"username": "surveyoflondon"
},
"feature": {
"id": 1048,
"type": "Feature",
"geometry": {
"type": "MultiPolygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
[
-0.069533901353918,
51.51425898768582
],
[
-0.068951227800474,
51.51452557120583
],
[
-0.068981900416026,
51.51455070932869
],
[
-0.0688166585981,
51.5146266832079
],
[
-0.068785386209583,
51.5146015041635
],
[
-0.068653255990076,
51.514661911269
],
[
-0.068508500301173,
51.51453712412918
],
[
-0.068473342844002,
51.514104588728905
],
[
-0.06844247211215,
51.514105667028474
],
[
-0.068432133336865,
51.51402775838509
],
[
-0.068465375478701,
51.51402504231887
],
[
-0.068458861292615,
51.51396650510224
],
[
-0.069020796129966,
51.51373596607887
],
[
-0.069533901353918,
51.51425898768582
]
]
]
]
},
"properties": {
"b_number": "",
"b_name": "Meranti House",
"street": "Alie Street",
"address": "Mernti House, Alie Street",
"feature_type": "WHITECHAPEL_BUILDING",
"count": 11,
"search_str": "Meranti House"
},
"tags": []
},
"body": "<p>A court and police office was built at the north end of Lambeth Street’s west side following the Middlesex Justices Act of 1792, which reformed magistracy and formalised and extended London’s police courts, dividing the capital into eight police districts. The Lambeth Street premises covered one of these districts for Whitechapel, and thereby accommodated three stipendiary magistrates and six police officers. No image or description of the Whitechapel Police Office survives, but the small premises included offices for the constables, a waiting room and cells, as well as a courtroom. Like other contemporary police courts, it must have been confined and crowded. (Sir) Daniel Williams (<em>c.</em>1753–1831), a surgeon and apothecary and previously a magistrate for the Tower Liberty, held corrupt sway here as senior magistrate from the outset until his death. The Whitechapel Police Office closed in 1844, its functions superseded since 1829 by the Metropolitan Police, represented locally on Leman Street. Williams’s successor claimed in 1837 that his officers contented themselves with pursuing crimes for which a fee could be earned, the prosecution of other offenders being left to the new force. The office was repurposed or more likely rebuilt as a lodging house.[^1]</p>\n\n<p>[^1]: London Metropolitan Archives, Land Tax returns: Richard Horwood's maps of London: Post Office Directories: James Grant, <em>Sketches in London</em>, 1840, p. 199: <em>West Kent Guardian</em>, 23 Dec 1844, p. 7: Jerry White, <em>London in the Eighteenth Century</em>, 2012, pp. 433–7: Julian Woodford, <em>The Boss of Bethnal Green: Joseph Merceron, The Godfather of Regency London</em>, 2016, <em>passim</em>: Clive Emsley, <em>The English Police: A Political and Social History</em>, 1991, p. 29 </p>\n",
"created": "2020-06-05",
"last_edited": "2021-08-17"
},
{
"id": 1094,
"title": "Buckle Street white-lead yard and neighbouring early industry",
"author": {
"id": 2,
"username": "surveyoflondon"
},
"feature": {
"id": 989,
"type": "Feature",
"geometry": {
"type": "MultiPolygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
[
-0.069362132148477,
51.51487917389963
],
[
-0.069368236231372,
51.51477034247509
],
[
-0.069633717276317,
51.51477703769348
],
[
-0.069624897703926,
51.514888237847344
],
[
-0.069362132148477,
51.51487917389963
]
]
]
]
},
"properties": {
"b_number": "32-34",
"b_name": "32-34 Commercial Road, with entrance to Riga Mews",
"street": "Commercial Road",
"address": "32-34 Commercial Road",
"feature_type": "WHITECHAPEL_BUILDING",
"count": 4,
"search_str": "32-34 Commercial Road, with entrance to Riga Mews"
},
"tags": []
},
"body": "<p>Among Whitechapel's most notable and noisome industries in the eighteenth century was the <strong>Buckle Street white-lead yard</strong>. Present by the 1720s, this extensive works covered about an acre of ground at the east end of Buckle Street. Richard Lindsey, a City merchant, began to acquire this property in 1706 and appears to have held an interest in the site’s first white-lead works. He fell bankrupt in 1728 and made way for (Sir) James Creed (<em>c.</em>1695–1762), who then accepted the role of treasurer to the ‘Company for melting lead with pit and sea coal’.[^1] Creed went on to make a fortune in the manufacture of white lead, principally for paint, also casting lead for use on churches and other buildings. He pioneered the chamber method of white-lead manufacture, taking out patents in the 1740s that outlined the principles of a method that was not thoroughly adopted until the late nineteenth century. Rather than, as was conventional, leaving rolled lead plates in pots of vinegar stacked several layers high over a bed of horse manure, he hung long thin lead straps over timber beams in chambers heated by stoves. This speeded up corrosion and reduced contamination. It was all the same a noxious and dangerous process, with known risks. Of Creed’s labourers it was said that they ‘are sure in a few Years to become paralytic by the Mercurial Fumes of the Lead; and seldom live a dozen Years in the Business.’[^2] Creed also had a related factory and warehouse at Horsleydown in Southwark from at least 1751, making lead shot. His innovations led to fellowship of the Royal Society and a knighthood. He kept houses on Mansell Street and in Greenwich. In his last years Creed was both a Director of the East India Company and an MP, as which he proposed an Act of Parliament for ‘more effectually discouraging and preventing the stealing, and the buying, and the receiving of stolen lead, iron, copper, brass, bell-metal, and solder, and for more effectually bringing the offenders to justice’.[^3] </p>\n\n<p>After Creed’s death, the Buckle Street white-lead works continued under Ann Creed, a daughter who took up contracts to supply milled lead to Woolwich Dockyard until about 1775. From around 1770, others began to be associated with the lead works including Thomas Farr, Flower Freeman, William Usher and Robert Campbell (1738–1828), James Creed’s son-in-law, who lived in Blackheath. Usher, Campbell, Elizabeth Farr and Sarah Birch were insured for the Whitechapel factory in 1806, along with lead flatting mills at Horsleydown. Under the charge of William Usher & Co., the Buckle Street works were put up for sale in 1811. The property was advertised as having ‘an excellent commodious modern residence, with spacious yards, mill-house, extensive and very superior drying lofts, stove, warehouses, sheds, stabling, requisite buildings and appendages, adequate to conduct a concern of magnitude, which has been carried on upon the premises upwards of a century’.[^4] A row of eleven small houses built across the yard’s east end around 1815 included forerunners of 23–37 White Church Lane. The large yard persisted, and its later occupants included John Marshall, a boilermaker present around 1840, and Deeley & Clarke, alternatively George Deeley & Co., mechanical engineers, who built a warehouse in 1845–6 and appear to have made sugarhouse machinery.[^5] </p>\n\n<p>Buckle Street, Colchester Street and Plough Street also hosted a smattering of small factories and warehouses into the nineteenth century. In 1804, Messrs Pyke of Colchester Street patented ‘improved pencils, with an inlaid rule, and containing two slides, one of black lead, the other of a curious article which will write on a glass window, (by hard pressure) woollen cloth, slate, slate paper’.[^6] A silk dyer named Davis continued to work in Buckle Street in the 1820s, and the nearby Red Lion Foundry claimed three forges and a ‘powerful foundry crane’ when it was sold in 1852.[^7]</p>\n\n<p>[^1]: <em>London Gazette</em>, 1–5 Oct 1728, p.5: <em>British Journal</em>, 28 Sept 1728, p.3: <em>Daily Gazetteer</em>, 2 March 1739, p.1: Derek Morris, <em>Whitechapel 1600–1800</em>, 2011, pp.56–7 </p>\n\n<p>[^2]: R. Campbell, <em>The London Tradesman</em>, 1747, p.107</p>\n\n<p>[^3]: <em>London Evening Post</em>, 28–30 May 1754, p.1; 12–14 Feb 1751, p.4; 6–9 Feb 1762, p.3: <em>Daily Gazetteer</em>, 14 Oct 1741, p.2: <em>General Advertiser</em>, 5 Aug 1747, p.1: <em>Whitehall Evening Post</em>, 3–6 Dec 1748, p.1: <em>Whitehall Evening Post</em>, 10–12 April 1750, p.3: <em>Penny London Post or The Morning Advertiser</em>, 11–14 Jan 1751, p.3: <em>Public Advertiser</em>, 11 Jan 1757, p.2: <em>Lloyd’s Evening Post</em>, 30 March–2 April 1759, p.6: <em>Gazetteer and London Daily Advertiser</em>, 22 Dec 1760, p.3: The National Archives (TNA), SP36/56/13; SP36/110/2/89; PROB11/872/397: D. J. Rowe, <em>Lead Manufacturing in Britain: A History</em>, 2017, pp.xxiii,141,191: History of Parliament online</p>\n\n<p>[^4]: <em>Morning Chronicle</em>, 11 July 1811, p.4: London Metropolitan Archives (LMA), Land Tax Returns: TNA, ADM106/1137/10; ADM106/1227/73; ADM106/1196/161: LMA, CLC/B/192/F/001/MS11936/387/601666; /438/795014: <em>Saint James’s Chronicle</em>, 1 Feb 1806, p.3: <em>Public Ledger and Daily Advertiser</em>, 14 Aug 1811, p.3; 2 Feb 1828, p.1</p>\n\n<p>[^5]: Richard Horwood's maps of London: LMA, District Surveyors Returns: Post Office Directories: Tower Hamlets Local History Library and Archives, cuttings 022</p>\n\n<p>[^6]: <em>London Courier and Evening Gazette</em>, 25 July 1804, p.1: <em>Morning Chronicle</em>, 24 Aug 1812, p.3: <em>Morning Advertiser</em>, 22 Dec 1830, p.1; 10 April 1833, p.1: <em>Public Ledger and Daily Advertiser</em>, 7 Sept 1831, p.3: <em>London Evening Standard</em>, 20 July 1832, p.4: <em>Lloyd’s Weekly Newspaper</em>, 7 Feb 1864, p.12: Metropolitan Board of Works Minutes, 11 March 1859, p.148</p>\n\n<p>[^7]: <em>Police Gazette</em>, 13 Jan 1829, p.1: <em>London Daily News</em>, 1 Nov 1852, p.8</p>\n",
"created": "2020-07-31",
"last_edited": "2021-03-30"
},
{
"id": 1093,
"title": "Early buildings on Colchester Street and Plough Street",
"author": {
"id": 2,
"username": "surveyoflondon"
},
"feature": {
"id": 1442,
"type": "Feature",
"geometry": {
"type": "MultiPolygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
[
-0.070921854694497,
51.51498364468987
],
[
-0.070540769095193,
51.514951281772646
],
[
-0.070585982363243,
51.514704808586835
],
[
-0.070963912170839,
51.51473565631881
],
[
-0.070921854694497,
51.51498364468987
]
]
]
]
},
"properties": {
"b_number": "",
"b_name": "Aldgate Place",
"street": "Buckle Street",
"address": "Clayton Hotel, Aldgate Place, Buckle Street",
"feature_type": "WHITECHAPEL_BUILDING",
"count": 4,
"search_str": "Aldgate Place"
},
"tags": []
},
"body": "<p>Around 1681 Thomas Neale acquired garden lands between Alie Street and Whitechapel High Street with a view to draining the ground and laying out streets and houses. He had perhaps begun work on this, and did combine with John Price, who held neighbouring gardens, in the making of Red Lion Street, but late in 1682 he sold up to Edward Buckley, a brewer, who died in 1683. It was his son and heir, also Edward Buckley, who undertook the development of an estate across this area. Colchester Street and Buckle (originally Buckley) Street were laid out running east–west parallel to Alie Street to the north, and Plough (or Plow) Street crossed at right angles to extend Plough Court (or Alley) south from the High Street. Plough Street terminated prematurely before Alie Street, probably the result of the failure of a plan to have it continue to face Rupert Street. The stub south of Buckle Street was generously called Plough Square in the nineteenth century. Colchester Street west of Commercial Road was re-named Braham Street in 1921, after John Braham (1774/7–1856), a virtuoso Jewish tenor whose undocumented origins were in or around Goodman’s Fields and who as a boy in 1787 sang at the opening of Well Street’s Royalty Theatre. </p>\n\n<p>Among the first-phase builders was Robert Burt, a carpenter of Newington Butts, who built at least four houses on the west side of Plough Street, being granted a seventy-nine-year lease from 1685. Ninety-two properties were assessed for tax purposes as being on Plow Street in 1693–4. This is implausible, but can be interpreted as taking in Buckle Street and Colchester Street, which are not listed. If so, it indicates fairly complete development, though a Mr Biges held a 140ft frontage of undeveloped ground, possibly at the east end of Buckle Street.[^1]</p>\n\n<p>The houses in this small grid of streets were regularly arrayed and modest in size, reflecting proximity to the narrow courts that extended off Whitechapel High Street. Remarkably, seven late seventeenth-century houses survived on Braham Street until demolition for the Gardiner’s Corner traffic system in the 1960s . On the north side, Nos 5–11 had three storeys with steep-roofed garrets and cellars. There was a moulded stringcourse below the first floor, stepped up at No. 11, and a wide plat band below the second. Staircases in two-room planshad moulded closed strings and turned balusters. Opposite, on the south side, Nos 6–10 were outwardly similar, but with one-room plans with twin-newel staircases, comparably finished, in small rear outshuts. In both sets of houses, beams were exposed below ceilings.[^2] </p>\n\n<p>Thomas Shaw, who had the only large house listed as on Plow Street in 1693–4, may have been involved in developing Buckley’s estate. Edward Harrison of Putney, possibly a link to Buckley, held ten houses in Colchester Street. A lease of a group of six houses on Buckle Street and Plough Street was transferred in 1725 from the heirs of Robert Comport, an Aldgate oilman, to William Johnson, a Whitechapel dyer, and Samuel Woodfield, a Shadwell tallowchandler. </p>\n\n<p>Residents of Colchester Street in the first years of the eighteenth century included John Stockton, ‘the blind doctor at the Golden Ball’, [^3] Richard Walton, a naval surgeon whose gout and failing eyesight hampered his service in Jamaica in 1704, and Marmaduke Cradock (<em>c.</em>1660–1716), a leading painter of birds and animals. [^4]</p>\n\n<p>[^1]: British History Online, Four Shillings in the Pound Assessments, 1693–4 (4s£): London Metropolitan Archives (LMA), MDR1739/1/372: The National Archives (TNA), C8/404/37; ADM106/551/220: John Coulter, <em>Squares of London</em>, 2016, p.357: <em>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB) sub</em> Braham: Mollie Sands, ‘John Braham, Singer’, <em>Transactions (Jewish Historical Society of England)</em>, 1959–61, vol.20, pp.203–14</p>\n\n<p>[^2]: LMA, Land Tax Returns (LT); Collage 117086–7; 118838: Royal Commission on Historical Monuments, <em>An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in London</em>, vol. 5: <em>East London</em>, 1930, p.99: Historic England Archives, investigators’ record cards; MD96/07266: Peter Guillery, <em>The Small House in Eighteenth-Century London: A Social and Architectural History</em>, 2004, p.54</p>\n\n<p>[^3]: TNA, SP34/36/201, f.288</p>\n\n<p>[^4]: 4s£: TNA, ADM106/595/134; /595/150; /551/218; /551/220; C7/156/57: LT: Gloucestershire Archives, D1571/E149: LMA, Q/HAL/315: <em>ODNB sub</em> Cradock]</p>\n",
"created": "2020-07-31",
"last_edited": "2021-03-31"
},
{
"id": 1137,
"title": "34–60 Scarborough Street and 1 South Tenter Street",
"author": {
"id": 2,
"username": "surveyoflondon"
},
"feature": {
"id": 28,
"type": "Feature",
"geometry": {
"type": "MultiPolygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
[
-0.070746567118032,
51.512256971279314
],
[
-0.070642208152165,
51.512274381065765
],
[
-0.070657544948748,
51.51231036182919
],
[
-0.070312500716001,
51.51236037753558
],
[
-0.070276888364067,
51.51227674046933
],
[
-0.070730286268123,
51.51221166451678
],
[
-0.070746567118032,
51.512256971279314
]
]
]
]
},
"properties": {
"b_number": "34–60",
"b_name": "",
"street": "Scarborough Street",
"address": "34–60 Scarborough Street",
"feature_type": "WHITECHAPEL_BUILDING",
"count": 1,
"search_str": "34–60 Scarborough Street"
},
"tags": []
},
"body": "<p>Part of the block to the east across St Mark Street belonged to the Co-operative Wholesale Society by 1934, and after severe bomb damage and clearance the Co-operative Wholesale Society (CWS) had purchased the whole block by 1948, it being adjacent to other CWS premises east and south. The site was used as the CWS’s car park; if there were plans to build they did not materialize. It was still in use as the Tenter Street Car Park in 1975 by when the CWS was disengaging from Whitechapel.[^1] </p>\n\n<p>Permission for residential development was granted in October 1980. In the context of the GLC’s Community Areas Policy, as at 2–32 Scarborough Street, a scheme funded through the Housing Corporation, put forward through the Oxford House Housing Association, and designed by Levitt Bernstein Associates as a row of four houses and a four-storey block of flats was approved in 1984. However, this was not taken forward and the project was revised in 1986–7 by Hastwell Associates, architects. Buildings went up in 1988–9 through J. A. Elliott Ltd of Bishops Stortford, builders, as three houses at 34 and 36 Scarborough Street and 1 South Tenter Street, and a pair of blocks of flats, twelve in all, at 38–60 Scarborough Street. They have polychrome brick elevations with timber bays and hipped roofs. Management passed to the Gateway Housing Association, the successor to the Bethnal Green and East London Housing Association. One of several attractive octagonal nineteenth-century bollards in the Tenter Ground stands on the corner north-west of this development.[^2] </p>\n\n<p>[^1]: London Metropolitan Archives, GLC/AR/BR/17/077326/02; GLC/AR/BR/07/2914; GLC/AR/BR/17/077204; SC/PHL/01/398/75/6096; Collage 120161</p>\n\n<p>[^2]: Tower Hamlets Local History Library and Archives, Building Control file 23558: Tower Hamlets planning applications online</p>\n",
"created": "2020-08-04",
"last_edited": "2020-10-02"
},
{
"id": 327,
"title": "22 Osborn Street",
"author": {
"id": 2,
"username": "surveyoflondon"
},
"feature": {
"id": 127,
"type": "Feature",
"geometry": {
"type": "MultiPolygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
[
-0.07009538632603,
51.51682863215052
],
[
-0.069899297441953,
51.51688000406167
],
[
-0.069926861736421,
51.51692096003251
],
[
-0.069755313388332,
51.516965902310844
],
[
-0.069688230882331,
51.51687981843807
],
[
-0.069791302503827,
51.51685352499619
],
[
-0.069791299084404,
51.51685351965192
],
[
-0.069872596565606,
51.51683278080442
],
[
-0.069872598030862,
51.51683278043064
],
[
-0.069908557891993,
51.516822755068496
],
[
-0.069929332859543,
51.5168517618956
],
[
-0.069986073792892,
51.51683594289044
],
[
-0.069967253218652,
51.51680966491183
],
[
-0.070065621617059,
51.51678224032084
],
[
-0.07009538632603,
51.51682863215052
]
]
]
]
},
"properties": {
"b_number": "22",
"b_name": "",
"street": "Osborn Street",
"address": "22 Osborn Street",
"feature_type": "WHITECHAPEL_BUILDING",
"count": 2,
"search_str": "22 Osborn Street"
},
"tags": []
},
"body": "<p>Osborn Street's east side had a new frontage formed by road widening in the 1780s. It was only slowly built up. A courthouse flanked by tall sugarhouses took up places at its centre in the 1790s. The Court of Requests for the Tower Hamlets was a small claims court established in 1750 to succeed Stepney’s manorial Court of Record in the north-east of Whitechapel parish in dealing with debts under 40<em>s.</em> Its courthouse on Osborn Street (on the site of Nos 22–24), built in 1790–2 following enabling Acts, was said by J. P. Malcolm to have been ‘handsome’ and appears to have had a pedimented façade. Samuel Hawkins, the treasurer, and perhaps also the builder–architect, laid the foundation stone. The County Court Act of 1846 abolished courts of requests, but these premises continued to be used for Whitechapel County Court until 1859. From 1908 there was a cinema on the site of No. 22. There was redevelopment after war damage in 1955–7 for light industrial use. The building now accommodates offices over an Asian restaurant.[^1]</p>\n\n<p>[^1]: <em>The World</em>, 3 June 1790, p.3: <em>Morning Chronicle</em>, 11 Dec 1792, p.2: James Peller Malcolm, <em>Londinium Redivivum: Or an Ancient History and Modern Description of London</em>, vol.4, 1807, p.454: Hubert Llewellyn Smith, <em>The History of East London</em>, 1939, p.69: Richard Horwood's map, 1813: Ordnance Survey map, 1873: Post Office Directories: Tower Hamlets planning applications online: Historic England Archives, aerial photographs, EPW005770, EPW055309</p>\n",
"created": "2017-03-30",
"last_edited": "2020-08-26"
},
{
"id": 1092,
"title": "Little Alie Street - early history of its north side",
"author": {
"id": 2,
"username": "surveyoflondon"
},
"feature": {
"id": 987,
"type": "Feature",
"geometry": {
"type": "MultiPolygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
[
-0.070145370299403,
51.51450072634437
],
[
-0.07014611994867,
51.51450455659268
],
[
-0.070144309574274,
51.514509535874474
],
[
-0.070140121750315,
51.51451620267396
],
[
-0.070136623713428,
51.51452004299396
],
[
-0.070132782230155,
51.51452343811338
],
[
-0.07012919823248,
51.51452605003296
],
[
-0.070032329210259,
51.51456074054102
],
[
-0.069888287217447,
51.51461232427546
],
[
-0.069840045190473,
51.514629600448345
],
[
-0.069774452824825,
51.51465322031716
],
[
-0.06976437015771,
51.514657348821736
],
[
-0.069752142738503,
51.51465949508699
],
[
-0.069738751592763,
51.514659184706524
],
[
-0.069727055003321,
51.514656294262764
],
[
-0.069718712135325,
51.51465200744966
],
[
-0.069710007581218,
51.51464360333125
],
[
-0.069703346477841,
51.51462231454975
],
[
-0.069687670795924,
51.5145762148712
],
[
-0.069654908902713,
51.514479867076176
],
[
-0.069639134856717,
51.51444518750716
],
[
-0.069621768125469,
51.51441285371942
],
[
-0.069616967605489,
51.5143964229486
],
[
-0.069618177681695,
51.51438973157497
],
[
-0.069621435653496,
51.51437947349934
],
[
-0.069630708154631,
51.51436447257293
],
[
-0.069646015054674,
51.51435269798059
],
[
-0.069669258695001,
51.51434149605311
],
[
-0.06990815956914,
51.514236930554475
],
[
-0.070061827306772,
51.51416967057941
],
[
-0.070205488914527,
51.51432361317142
],
[
-0.070080560753047,
51.51437793580642
],
[
-0.070064472214771,
51.51438470803152
],
[
-0.070066767405088,
51.51439004684161
],
[
-0.070083931212681,
51.514419269950324
],
[
-0.070132489860627,
51.51448663206476
],
[
-0.070141902651642,
51.514496931909626
],
[
-0.070145370299403,
51.51450072634437
]
]
]
]
},
"properties": {
"b_number": "71",
"b_name": "Altitude Point",
"street": "Alie Street",
"address": "71 (Altitude Point) and 81 Alie Street with 9 Buckle Street (Goldpence Apartments)",
"feature_type": "WHITECHAPEL_BUILDING",
"count": 11,
"search_str": "Altitude Point"
},
"tags": []
},
"body": "<p>The north side of Little Alie Street was almost bookended by places of worship from the 1760s, a Baptist chapel to the east and a German Lutheran church to the west. Immediately beyond the Baptist chapel to the east was Whitechapel’s first parish workhouse. This was built in 1722–4, coinciding with Sir Edward Knatchbull’s Workhouse Test Act of 1723 that codified the practice of building parish workhouses, including provision that residence could be imposed as a condition of relief from poverty. It was designed to house about 200, but only five years after it opened it was deemed necessary to ‘turn it into a house for lodging only such poor as are not otherwise provided, who go out daily for work where they can get it, and return in the evening. There are now about 60 men, women and children, so lodged under the care of a mistress, who takes care to keep the house clean, and have the beds made ready for those that lodge there.’[^1] By 1734 there were only thirty resident, ‘who are not kept to work, but go and come as they please, get drunk, and are disorderly’.[^2] The failure was attributed to the confined site, without room for a yard to work in, it also being dirty on account of the proximity of white-lead works. An attempt to replace it then failed, but a much larger workhouse opened on Whitechapel Road in 1768, after which the Little Alie Street building was used as a warehouse. Five three-storey houses replaced it in the nineteenth century. Further east was Goodman’s Stile, where in the eighteenth century the roadway narrowed and a run of small houses on the north side was set back behind forecourts. Soon after 1800 those were lost to road widening that created a kink in the road. The Castle public house was here by 1770 until it moved to the newly formed Commercial Road corner in 1873. Three of the Goodman’s Stile houses were rebuilt in 1848–9.[^3] </p>\n\n<p>A breakaway congregation from Little Prescot Street led by James Fall built <strong>Little Alie Street Baptist Chapel</strong> in 1754. It was a simple building with a three-bay front, two entrances flanking a window, and was rectangular on plan with seatings for 400. Thomas Jordan & Co., brewers, had warehousing in the chapel’s cellar from around 1764 into the 1790s. From 1833 to 1871 the chapel’s congregation was led by Philip Dickerson who gathered up to 500 people at each of two main services, morning and evening.[^4] Decline followed, and in 1909 the chapel was adapted to use as a synagogue to plans by Lewis Solomon. A ladies’ gallery was inserted, and a classroom adjoined the main hall. A congregation of around 200 was formed through an amalgamation of six small societies, possibly including a group that had been meeting in a house on Buckle Street since at least 1899. The building was demolished around 1924.[^5] </p>\n\n<p>To the west of the Baptist chapel, Robert Girton, a silk throwster, had a large house from about 1726, possibly one of five-bay width that survived to about 1913. He was succeeded in the 1740s by Thomas Sharrer, another silk throwster, who was followed by John Sharrer, who moved the family’s silk-throwing business to Sherborne in Dorset in 1753–5, leaving Elizabeth Sharrer living and managing affairs on Little Alie Street until the late 1770s. The property was then described as being a house with ‘large workshops and other convenient offices’.[^6] Occupants of other good-sized three-storey houses further west included Samuel Petty (d. 1741), another silk throwster, whose house fell to use as a coal warehouse later in the century, and Richard Symonds, who was succeeded in the 1760s by the Rev. Dr Gustav Wachsel next door to the Lutheran church. All the other houses between the chapel and the church had come to house shops and workshops by the 1840s.[^7] </p>\n\n<p>[^1]: <em>An Account of Several Work-Houses for Employing and Maintaining the Poor</em>, 1732, pp.67–8: London Metropolitan Archives (LMA), P93/MRY1/090; Land Tax Returns (LT): Kathryn Morrison, <em>The Workhouse: A Study of Poor-Law Buildings in England</em>, 1999, p.14</p>\n\n<p>[^2]: <em>House of Commons Journals</em>, vol.22, 1734, p.271</p>\n\n<p>[^3]: Richard Horwood's maps: Goad insurance plans: LMA, LT; District Surveyors Returns (DSR); Collage 116971</p>\n\n<p>[^4]: Tower Hamlets Local History Library and Archives (THLHLA), W/LAS/1–4: LT: Ordnance Survey maps (OS): The National ARchives (TNA), HO129/22/20: David Benedict, <em>A General History of the Baptist Denomination in America and Other Parts of the World</em>, 1850, p.339: Joseph Ivimey, <em>A History of the English Baptists</em>, vol.4, 1830, p.13: <a href=\"https://surveyoflondon.org/map/feature/987/detail/#note\">surveyoflondon.org/map/feature/987/detail/#note</a>: www.stgitehistory.org.uk/media/dissenters1.html</p>\n\n<p>[^5]: <em>London Evening Standard</em>, 13 Sept 1909, p.4: <em>East London Observer</em>, 18 Sept 1909, p.7: DSR</p>\n\n<p>[^6]: <em>Weekly Journal or British Gazetteer</em>, 10 Oct 1726, p.10: <em>Daily Advertiser</em>, 20 Jan 1777, p.1: <em>Gazetteer and New Daily Advertiser</em>, 19 March 1777, p.4: LT: www.sherbornemuseum.co.uk/silk.php</p>\n\n<p>[^7]: LT: TNA, PROB11/711/245: Post Office Directories</p>\n",
"created": "2020-07-31",
"last_edited": "2020-10-07"
}
]
}