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"title": "Morrison Buildings, 35A Commercial Road",
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"body": "<p>This block of dwellings was built in 1873–4 for the Improved Industrial Dwellings Company, which often took plots generated by street improvements. Construction was overseen by Matthew Allen, the Company’s usual ‘architect’, though it was significant that he was in fact a builder–contractor. Sydney Waterlow set up the Company in 1863 and its first blocks were based on Henry Roberts’s design for cottage flats exhibited at the Great Exhibition of 1851.</p>\n\n<p>Morrison Buildings, which comprise thirty flats, are transitional to a later standard type of a starker and Italianate nature. In retaining the open balconies that were characteristic of the early blocks, this is among the more attractive surviving examples of IIDC architecture, even though the stock-brick street elevations have been painted. To keep costs down Allen used prefabricated artificial-stone and concrete dressings and fittings, patent reinforced-concrete floors and joinery imported ready-made from Sweden. Another and larger contemporary IIDC block (Morrison Buildings South, 54 flats) stood opposite at 60 Commercial Road until the 1970s. [^1]</p>\n\n<p>[^1]: Metropolitan Board of Works Minutes, 22 May 1874, p.632: District Surveyors Returns: Post Office Directories: <em>Builder</em>, 8 Feb. 1873, p.112</p>\n",
"created": "2016-06-24",
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"id": 536,
"title": "Central House (1964-2018)",
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"body": "<p>In the early 1960s, the London County Council (LCC) imposed a new traffic management plan on the area around Gardiner’s Corner. Commercial Road was diverted to create a new junction with Whitechapel High Street further east. This new road ran along the western edge of the Davis Feather Mill, precipitating its compulsory purchase and closure of the business.</p>\n\n<p>Having secured a 99-year lease from the LCC, Central and District Properties Ltd funded redevelopment of the site and architects Lush & Lester were commissioned to design a large six-storey flatted factory. At this time, rag-trade warehouses, showrooms and workshops still proliferated in Whitechapel, often operating in cramped conditions, cheek-by-jowl with housing. Lush & Lester’s scheme was one of a number of local efforts on the part of the LCC to concentrate and increase accommodation standards for these and other small-scale businesses, many of which were to be displaced by wider redevelopment in Stepney Borough. Contemporary with 1-13 Adler Street, Lush and Lester’s flatted factory followed a recently revived building model which sought to provide small-scale urban industry with affordable, purpose-built units, zoned away from housing. The aim was to allow ‘one man’ enterprises to prosper.[^1]</p>\n\n<p>Lush & Lester responded to the challenge of building cheaply and sturdily with the pragmatism that was characteristic of their work; their proposal of a reinforced-concrete frame of six bays east–west and ten bays north–south was built. </p>\n\n<p><img alt=\"\" src=\"/media/uploads/2018/01/02/screen-shot-2018-01-02-at-165347.jpg\"><em>North elevation of Central House, 2016. Photograph © Derek Kendall.</em></p>\n\n<p>Externally, large windows wrap around all sides of the building and pre-cast exposed aggregate panels alternate with fair-faced concrete, painted light grey. On the short north and south elevations, centrally positioned external staircases recede into the core of the building then project forward beyond the building line. These distinctive gestures marked the principal entrances to the workshops located on the second to fifth floors. Seven ground-floor showrooms faced onto Whitechapel High Street and the newly diverted Commercial Road, each assigned a set of internal stairs giving access to self-contained first-floor warehouses or workshops. Running parallel to the long east elevation, a service lane branches off Manningtree Street, snaking around a circular substation towards underground parking.[^2]</p>\n\n<p>The construction of Central House began in June 1964, delayed by adjacent roadworks, and was completed in June 1965. Although the ground and first floors were immediately occupied by textile businesses, the Sir John Cass School of Art was accepted as main tenant of the rest of the building. The building was easily adapted to educational purposes courtesy of a network of modular partitions, but the logic and intention of the flatted factory was lost.[^3]</p>\n\n<p>[^1]: D. L. Munby, <em>Industry and Planning in Stepney</em>, 1951; ‘Planning Problems with Small Industry’, <em>Industrial Architecture</em>, Nov-Dec 1961, pp.514-517</p>\n\n<p>[^2]: London Metropolitan Archives (LMA), GLC/AR/BR/34/003714/01 and 02</p>\n\n<p>[^3]: LMA, GLC/AR/BR/34/003714/01 and 02</p>\n",
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"id": 381,
"title": "Lanterns and Smoked Salmon at Petticoat Lane",
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"body": "<p>Jackie remembers Petticoat Lane in the 1960s:</p>\n\n<p>I was born in the Marie Celeste Ward at the Royal London. I went to Harry Gosling School. As a kid I remember that when it got dark at Petticoat Lane all the lanterns came out on the stalls, they were hung outside. Definitely on the weekends. I'd go with my father and I remember the street was lit as we'd pick up oranges. The produce was seasonal, so we'd only get some fruits at certain times of year. There were shoe shops, one very famous shop was Mossi Marks' on the corner of Wentworth St and Toynbee St, all the Jewish community knew that shop. It sold smoked salmon. We ate a lot of smoked salmon. I brought my kids in there and we'd have a chat and the shopkeeper would give us samples of all sorts of different types of salmon. It was sliced paper thin. There was another shop called Kossof's, a Jewish bakery, in Petticoat Market (they had another two branches elsewhere in the East End). Their jam doughnuts were delicious, my son loved them.</p>\n",
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"title": "Former Resident Doctors’ Hostel (Ambrose King Centre), Pasteur Street (1925–7)",
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"body": "<p>The former resident doctors’ hostel is the earliest surviving example of a purpose-built staff accommodation block at the hospital. Located on the south side of Mount Terrace, this three-storey block was built by W. H. Gaze & Sons to designs by J. G. Oatley. By 1919 this site had been earmarked for a staff hostel with basement stores for housekeeping provisions. Delays arose because the proposal conflicted with the need for additional space for the outpatients’ department, positioned directly opposite the hostel on the south side of Pasteur Street. The external appearance and configuration of the hostel inherited elements from the prototype for staff accommodation established at the hospital by Plumbe. The block has a robust stock-brick exterior with red-brick and concrete dressings, a string course and chunky quoins. An additional upper storey was envisioned in 1924, and is hinted at only by squat blind windows on the north elevation. A boxy ground-floor porch in Mount Terrace admitted residents into an entrance lobby equipped with a telephone room, an office and a cloakroom. Drawings produced in 1925 specified elegant finishes in the lobby such as patterned floors tiled with black Belgian and white Sicilian marble, which survive partially. A staircase and a lift in the lobby ascended to bedsitting rooms, which were fully furnished and fitted with gas fires. Shared bathrooms, box rooms and water closets were provided at the west end of each floor, adjacent to a subsidiary staircase. At its completion, the hostel contained 41 bedsitting rooms for doctors and receiving room officers. The raised basement, initially unallocated, was converted in 1928–9 into examination and consulting rooms for the outpatients’ department.[^1]</p>\n\n<p>The hostel was later converted into the Whitechapel Clinic, an organisation for the diagnosis and treatment of venereal diseases. The clinic had been established by the LCC in 1930 in response to a shortage of treatment centres, limited to overcrowded clinics in the hospital’s skin and genitourinary departments. The LCC took over the services provided by the hospital, initially leasing premises in Turner Street. After the establishment of the NHS, the management of the clinic was transferred to the hospital. In 1989 the centre was renamed in honour of Ambrose King, a Hackney-born physician who trained at the hospital and gained a position as a senior assistant in the clinic, subsequently rising to its directorship. The building continues in use as the hospital’s venereology department. The interior has been modernized extensively and the basement contains the Grahame Hayton Unit, a HIV clinic.[^2]</p>\n\n<p>[^1]: HEA, BL29526, BL29527: DSR: RLHA, RLHTH/S/10/36. </p>\n\n<p>[^2]: <em>The Guardian</em>, 7 November 2000: RLHA, RLHAK: <a href=\"https://sexuallytransmittedinfectionslondon20thcentury.wordpress.com/2017/04/03/biography-ambrose-king\">https://sexuallytransmittedinfectionslondon20thcentury.wordpress.com/2017/04/03/biography-ambrose-king</a>: <a href=\"https://bartshealth.nhs.uk/HIV\">https://bartshealth.nhs.uk/HIV</a>: LCC Minutes, 27 May 1931, pp. 973–4. </p>\n",
"created": "2019-04-29",
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"id": 494,
"title": "197 Whitechapel Road",
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"body": "<p>A single-storey shop is all that remains in the place of a three-storey building that housed apothecaries and surgeons in the early nineteenth century and then a chemists’ from the 1850s until about 2014. It was reduced in scale as a consequence of Second World War bomb damage.[^1]</p>\n\n<p>[^1]: LMA, Tower Hamlets Commissioners of Sewers Ratebooks; CLC/B/192/F/001/MS11936/441/812539: Transport for London Group Archives, LT002051/2549: Post Office Diretories: Tower Hamlets Local History Library and Archives, P07266: Goad insurance maps, 1890 and 1953</p>\n",
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"title": "5 and 7 Osborn Street ",
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"body": "<p>Nos 5 and 7 Osborn Street are two survivors from a row of five shophouses that once ran to No. 13, erected in 1848-9 for Richard Carrol Barton (1814–81), a Kennington solicitor, working with Lestock Richard Peacock (1806–66), a Walworth architect. Rebuilding followed a severe fire in 1847 that extended to 75 Whitechapel High Street. No. 5 was a small two-storey eating house that had been absorbed into the coffee house at No. 3 by 1871. By 1911 it housed a printer then, after the Second World War, a Jewish bookseller until 1980 when it became, with No. 3, a men’s clothing shop. It has been a fast-food takeaway in recent years, with a kitchen in a single-storey building to the rear put up around 1950 on the site of 1 Bull Court. No. 7 is the last survivor of four similar three-storey houses, the others destroyed in the Second World War, this one cut down thereafter to two storeys. It was a newsagents for at least fifty years up to 1911, later housing a jeweller. A recent convenience store, with a sideline in travel, especially for the Haj, closed abruptly when the manager and travel agent were convicted in a people-trafficking trial in 2017. No. 7 now hosts a computer and mobile-phone repair business.[^1]</p>\n\n<p>[^1]: Post Office Directories: Census: London Metropolitan Archives, District Surveyors Returns: Ancestry: <em>Morning Post</em>, 12 Jan 1857, p. 7: <em>Tower Hamlets Independent and East End Advertiser</em>, 5 May 1888, p. 4: The National Archives, IR58/84800/1741–7: Mailonline, 20 May 2017</p>\n",
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"body": "<p>I remember going there with my mother in the 1950s. While she paid the bill, I stood and stared at the gas fixtures that provided light. I was used to electric lights, naturally. Years later, it dawned on me why they used gas instead of electricity to light their premises...</p>\n\n<p>We had a coin-fed gas meter in our flat, so perhaps she was there to make payments on the Ascot water-heater.</p>\n\n<p>Not far from there, men from the garment industry would congregate on the pavement (sidewalk for Americans!) - I don't know for sure, but I imagine that was the place that the workshop owners would come to hire workers.</p>\n\n<p> </p>\n\n<p> </p>\n",
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"body": "<p>Neil House was a particularly unlovely building - hot and airless in the summer and freezing cold in the winter. Indeed, the most interesting thing about the place was its location on the corner of Whitechapel High Street and Osborn Street (which leads on to Brick Lane); at the time the whole area was still at once both seedy (one particular source of amusement being to watch meth drinking vagrants in the park opposite, for example) and vibrant, in its own funny kind of way (the Whitechapel Gallery was just up the street and there was a plethora of good, cheap eateries in Brick Lane). Coincidentally, I briefly re-entered the building in 2007 (albeit only as far as the inside of what had subsequently become a significantly remodelled entrance lobby) when I went there to meet up with someone who was studying at a language school which operated from somewhere within. I imagine that the whole place would have had to be internally altered, to some extent, as the large rooms that existed when it was used as a depository wouldn't have been suitable for a language school. </p>\n",
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"body": "<p>This seven-storey speculative block was built in 1967–8 to be warehousing and showrooms over shops, to designs by Carl Fisher & Associates, architects. The speculation evidently failed to attract sufficient commercial tenants and part of the building was adapted in 1970 for storage use by public bodies, conversion for the Ministry of Public Buildings and Works being to plans by Stone Toms & Partners. The V&A National Art Library was one occupant and through the 1980s two floors were occupied by the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England as an archive store, for glass negatives such as the Bedford Lemere collection. There was further adaptation for a language school in the early 1990s. More recently flats were introduced on the top floor and the building was relaunched as the E1 Business Centre and then E1 Studios in 2015, when the façade was embellished with black-and-white ornamental patterning.[^1]</p>\n\n<p>[^1]: London Metropolitan Archives, GLC/AR/BR/17/06131: English Heritage Archives MD93/06841–8: London Metropolitan Archives, SC/PHL/01/405/68/7954: Ordnance Survey Maps: Tower Hamlets planning applications online: Post Office Directories: information kindly supplied by Ian Leith, Joanna Smith and Jonathan Smith</p>\n",
"created": "2017-03-24",
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"id": 368,
"title": "Climbing the stairs",
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"body": "<p>My relative, Lewis Levin, was living here at the time of his death in 1927.</p>\n\n<p>Lewis (Leibisch) Levin was a brother of my great-grandmother Mikhlya. He was born in 1861 in Streshin, a little village on the river Dniepr, in what is now the south-east of Belarus. In the early 1900s he came to London accompanied by his three children from his first wife, who had died a few years previously, and his second wife with her own daughter. They found somewhere to live in the heart of the East End, where tens of thousands of East European Jews had settled over the previous 20 years or so.</p>\n\n<p>My own grandmother - Lewis' niece - came to London soon after, aged about 18, and stayed with the Levins, probably helping to look after the children. Within a couple of years there were two more boys, and they moved from one accommodation to another, always along Whitechapel High Street and Mile End Road, presumably to have more room for the expanding family. In every document, and in various trade directories, Lewis is a 'Paper Bag Maker', even sometimes a 'Master Paper Bag Maker'; his own children, and my own young uncles and aunts, were all roped in to work in his paper bag factory, which was mostly located on the kitchen table.</p>\n\n<p>We knew that he had died in 1927, aged 67, and that he was probably living on his own by this stage - his second wife had died when the boys were very young, his older children had all left home for marriage, America, or the Russian Revolution, and the younger boys didn't see their futures in paper bags and left home to work elsewhere and to put themselves through night school.</p>\n\n<p>The figure of Lewis has long fascinated me, and a few months ago I ordered a copy of his Death Certificate, to see if it could offer up anything new about him. And so it did - an address: \"of 84B Whitechapel High Street\". So now we knew where he had been living at the time of his death.</p>\n\n<p>The next time I was in the area I looked for the building. Next to the Whitechapel Library I found number 82; a few doors down was number 87. The two or three buildings in between did not appear to be numbered, but I assumed 84B would be one of them and duly took a photo as evidence.</p>\n\n<p>My cousin Beatrice, Lewis' great-grand-daughter, is currently in London visiting from the US. Beatrice's grandfather Sam had been involved in the Workers' Circle, a friendly society established to further the interests of working-class East European Jews, from the 1910s onwards, and her mother Alice was active in the Yiddish theatre movement from the 1930s. </p>\n\n<p>Yesterday afternoon Beatrice and I went on a 'Musical Walk round the Jewish East End', organised by the Jewish Music Institute, and guided by the historian David Rosenberg (highly recommended, by the way). The Workers' Circle and Yiddish theatre both featured in David's programme for the walk.</p>\n\n<p>The group met outside the Library, and then David led us off down a narrow alleyway between two of the neighbouring buildings - Angel Alley. There on the right a notice was pinned to a door: 'This is NOT 84B, it's 84A. 84B is opposite!' You can hear the exasperation in the printed words. You can probably also hear my involuntary intake of breath, for 84B turns out to be the premises of Freedom Press, the long-established Anarchist publishers and booksellers.</p>\n\n<p>David was going to tell us about some of the radical figures and groups that flourished in the area 100 years ago, but Beatrice and I were just standing there, minds racing, staring at the building.</p>\n\n<p>After the walk, we grabbed David for a chat over a superb falafel lunch, then made our way back to see if the Freedom bookshop at 84B was still open. It was. We explained why we had come, and asked the lady in the shop if she knew how the building was being used in 1927. She kindly went off to find a book containing a history of the organisation - and its premises - which told us that at least before 1942 there had been a printing press occupying the ground floor.</p>\n\n<p>\"Would you like to see upstairs?\" I had to ask her to repeat the question, partly because I don't hear very well, but mainly because I couldn't believe what I had just heard. Upstairs? Lewis must have lived upstairs, 85 years ago. We took a deep breath, and followed her up. The staircase, banisters, walls, and some of the doors, looked as though they had had nothing done to them in 100 years or more.</p>\n\n<p>She took us into one of the rooms, and we discussed the layout. The room we were standing in had a structural beam across the middle, and we reckoned it had probably originally been two rooms. On the landing there was a blanked-off door which confirmed this.</p>\n\n<p>So we sat, and stood, in one half of the room, looking out to the brick wall opposite (the Library building, in fact), and tried to imagine a bed, and a chair, and a table. Where was the sink? There probably wasn't one, he'd have had to bring water in from the bathroom. Was there even a bathroom? How did he cook? Did he cook?</p>\n\n<p>But it was the stairs that got me. He must have gone up and down these stairs every day for months, maybe two or three years. And here we were, treading the same steps, holding on to the same worn banisters, knocking on doors - his door, maybe - to feel the wood.</p>\n\n<p>He fell ill here, and died at the London Jewish Hospital down the road in Stepney Green. I've just looked at the Death Certificate again. He died on 20 October 1927. Just 85 years and one day before we came to visit him.</p>\n",
"created": "2017-05-23",
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"id": 597,
"title": "Memories of 71 Varden Street, the London and Passover brandy",
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"body": "<p>My main memory is visiting my grandparents at 71 Varden Street, which was just behind the London Hospital. The house is now demolished and the new building is part of the London Hospital. Grandmother cooked amazing food like stuffed cabbage and biscuits, with a coal-burning stove in the kitchen and kitchen sink outside the back door. Lavatory at the end of the garden - I used to stand outside and look up at the medical students playing football [on the bomb site behind the bombed-out Philpot Street Great Synagogue, site of John Harrison House] and hope for a football to be kicked into the garden. My grandparents spoke Yiddish and very little English so there was little conversation but lots of warm smiles and my grandfather taught me to play cards. We played for money, pennies, and he always made sure I won the last game.</p>\n\n<p>I was eight when we came back to London from being evacuated in Oxford, and my father came back from the army having been abroad most of the war. When I was a little older, and he started to earn, a big treat was eating out in the East End either in big Felds in Whitechapel Road or little Felds in Commercial Road. Mr Feld of big Felds eventually opened a kosher hotel in Bournemouth. My cousin lived in Philpot Street round the corner. My grandfather made wonderful cherry brandy for Passover.</p>\n",
"created": "2018-03-24",
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{
"id": 459,
"title": "Now Demolished",
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"body": "<p>I was in Dock Street this morning (25 August) leading a tour. I can confirm that this building has now been demolished. I didn't think that would happen, but sadly it has. Finally they are developing the land next door, which has been empty for some time.</p>\n",
"created": "2017-08-25",
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{
"id": 780,
"title": "Family Bloom at the King's Head",
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"body": "<p>My late grandfather (David Bloom) was the tenant of the King's Head Public House from 1899 until he passed away in 1925. The tenancy was initially in the name of his brother-in-law, Abraham Golder, then in the name of his brother-in-law David Harris, and then in his own name.</p>\n\n<p>The King's Head was built in 1826, when its customers consisted mainly of wagoners and seafaring men. Commercial Road, in which the pub stood, was constructed during that period to link the West India Docks with Central London, and alongside it were water meadows and marshland running down to the riverside. During the nineteenth century it became part of the Jewish East End. During the first decade of the century, there were few people of substance in the East End who were not in the drink trade. In 1908 the Borough of Stepney, with a population of 310,000, had only 349 ratepayers whose rental qualified them for a place on the roll of jurors, and, of them, 154 were publicans. In St George's, twenty were qualified, and thirteen were publicans; in Shadwell seven qualified, all of them publicans. My father, his parents and two of his older sisters worked in the pub. My Auntie Sophie and Father Alf behind the bar, and my Auntie Nellie helping my grandmother (Fanny Bloom) with the cooking. The King’s Head was in business until the 1990s.</p>\n\n<p>In January 2000 my cousin Jeffrey Maynard who has been researching the family history for several years and supplied this information, visited 128 Commercial Road and found that the pub was being rebuilt, as a shop. According to one of the builders at the back of the building (it was on a corner), it had closed down about three years previously, and was being rebuilt, rather than restored. Only the large basement was left in original condition. The last I heard, the premises were being used as some form of educational establishment. I would appreciate any information as to who held the tenancy after 1925, as my grandmother, father and his siblings didn't move from Commercial Road until the late 1920s.</p>\n",
"created": "2018-11-23",
"last_edited": "2018-11-23"
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{
"id": 69,
"title": "4-8 Whitechapel Road",
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"body": "<p>Charles Webster had this site as part of the George Livery Stables from the mid nineteenth-century with a handsome stone-faced front building. That was replaced on a larger scale in 1929–30 with the present warehouse for Buck & Hickman, tool-makers, who were expanding from their adjacent headquarters. Prestige Co. Ltd were the builders. [^1]</p>\n\n<p>[^1]: District Surveyors Returns: English Heritage Archives, AP, A59521: The National Archives, IR58/84803/2076</p>\n",
"created": "2016-06-27",
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{
"id": 186,
"title": "Working for Buck & Hickman",
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"username": "steve"
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"body": "<p>I worked for Buck & Hickman for eight years in the credit control section under Ernie Gilbert, who was a magician with figures. During that time we were purchased by the Sterling Guarantee Trust (Jeffrey Sterling) who also purchased the well-known company Gamages, later to merge with the P&O company. The newly expanded company was relocated to Bank Street, Sheffield, where I spent a very happy four years.</p>\n",
"created": "2016-11-05",
"last_edited": "2017-05-03"
},
{
"id": 369,
"title": "Linderman family",
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"username": "rv"
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"body": "<p>Woolf and Rebecca Linderman were Jewish immigrants from what is now Poland. Woolf Linderman from Plock married Rebecca Tropp from Kolbuszowa at the East London Synagogue in 1891. They settled in the East End of London, where Woolf was a baker. In 1894-1895, they lived at 12 Settles Street (likely in a house that pre-dates the present-day brick building on the site).</p>\n",
"created": "2017-05-24",
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{
"id": 360,
"title": "memories happy and tragic of Hughes Mansions",
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"body": "<p>From Joe Swinburne, b. 1923:</p>\n\n<p>Hughes Mansions were completed in 1929 and comprised three blocks of flats that were well appointed and much desired by East-enders living in cramped and very basic tenement houses. My memories of living there are pleasant ones of a village-like atmosphere where families of different backgrounds lived amicably with each other. It took its name from an active and charismatic member of Stepney Council's Housing Committee, Mary Hughes JP, the daughter of Thomas Hughes the author of <em>Tom Brown's Schooldays</em>. </p>\n\n<p>On the night of 10/11th May 1941 during the last aeroplane attack of the war on London, small bombs straddled the front of the flats and my wife's mother was killed - the only fatality.</p>\n\n<p>Almost four years later there was the tragic horror of March 27th 1945 when a V2 rocket made a direct hit on the centre block completely demolishing it and most of the third block and severely damaging the front block. 130 people were killed - including lots of my friends and families I had grown up with. The two back blocks were much later rebuilt. How strange and bizarre it was that the first bombing death in Hughes Mansions came about in the last aeroplane raid on London and those 130 fatalities resulted from the last rocket attack on London.</p>\n",
"created": "2017-05-08",
"last_edited": "2018-03-27"
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{
"id": 455,
"title": "William Rowland's market garden and other early history",
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"body": "<p>William Rowland was a market gardener in Whitechapel by 1637 when, age 35, he married Frances Roberts of the parish. In 1639 Rowland took a thirty-year lease (dated from 1642) of a part of a ‘great garden’ immediately east of the parish burial ground. This manorial waste ran along Whitechapel Road, with frontages corresponding to Nos 181–195 and 1–13 Vallance Road. Rowland enlarged his holding to the west, north of the burial ground, on a firmer basis and in 1643 endowed a cottage, barn and three acres adjoining the burial ground to the benefit of Whitechapel’s poor, leasing it back from the parish for 99 years. In 1654, when Rowland proclaimed himself a citizen clothworker, he further enlarged his walled garden north to the present line of Old Montague Street on land outside Whitechapel parish on the Halifax estate in a transaction with George and Sidney Mountague. By now there were four houses on the frontage corresponding to 181–187 Whitechapel Road, that to the west had been Rowland’s own and was up by 1644, the others had been occupied by George Ellyott, widow Bromefield and, at No. 187, William Daniel (a William Daniel was buried in Whitechapel in August 1640, a William Daniell in Stepney in August 1647). In 1666 the garden property was demised to Rowland’s son-in-law Robert Wareing, a citizen saddler, but Rowland remained resident, alongside William Gunn, also a gardener, in 1670. Rowland acquired freehold possession of the property that had not gone to the parish in 1672, but in 1674–5 paid tax for just a two-hearth dwelling.[^1]</p>\n\n<p>Rowland’s house on the site that became No. 181 was occupied by Nicholas Gale in 1707, by when there were nine small houses eastwards of the earlier group on the sites of Nos 189–195. Rowland’s descendants auctioned off his estate in 1734. The large market-garden holding, everything behind Whitechapel Road and the burial ground on the block now bounded by Davenant Street, Old Montague Street and Vallance Road, was depicted in the 1740s as walled round and planted as an orchard. Edward Wildman acquired land to the rear of No. 187 in 1765 and undertook to rebuild three of the roadside houses further east alongside two that Richard Tillyer Blunt, a citizen distiller and Alderman, had rebuilt earlier in the decade. In 1766 the estate was sold to Charles Digby the Elder, a Wapping ship-chandler, for £2,400. The parish leased the Mile End New Town section in 1805. Much of the rest was acquired by the sculptor John Bacon the younger by the 1830s, passing to his sons John and Thomas, both clergymen, after his death in 1859.[^2]</p>\n\n<p>The house at No. 181 had by 1800 become the Duke of Cumberland public house, run by Elizabeth Robertson. James Stephens changed its name to the Duke’s Head in 1826. It had evidently been rebuilt and, probably subsequently, gained framing pilasters and a heavy balustraded cornice. Charles Sloman (1808–70), a Jewish comic singer, hosted ‘Harmonic Meetings’ or song-and-supper evenings here in 1838. Around 1815 No. 183 pertained to Elizabeth and Jemima Thompson, haberdashers, milliners and dressmakers, and No. 185 went from housing William Ballard, an umbrella maker, in 1811 to become a baker’s premises in 1820 – that use endured. The pub at No. 181 and the house adjoining (No. 183) had been cleared by 1949, perhaps war damage. No. 185 lasted into the 1970s.</p>\n\n<p>The former garden ground behind the houses was divided up in the mid 1820s as, from west to east: a workhouse garden that became a stone yard by the 1840s and then through the Whitechapel District Board of Works ‘a receptacle for the sweepings of the roads’,[^3] with a builder’s (later stable) yard immediately to its south; a long thin livery yard; and the Pavilion Theatre. The livery yard, laid out by William Hyland and James Parish for Samuel Bartram, coach-master, was known by the 1840s as Pavilion Stables, later as Pavilion Yard, which was also applied to the former stone yard. The livery yard was long held by George Young and continued into the 1890s. Motor garage use had come in by the 1920s, with lock-up garages where the stone yard had been from 1933. Much of the area was again a builders’ yard from 1939. Northern parts were taken for the Davenant Street housing development in the 1970s. The remaining southern part of the yard is used as a car park.[^4]</p>\n\n<p><br>\n[^1]: Tower Hamlets Local History Library and Archives (hereafter THLHLA), P/RIV/1/15/1/1–2; P/RIV/1/15/2/1–2; P/RIV/1/15/3/2–3; P/RIV/1/15/4/1: The National Archives (hereafter TNA), E179/143/370, rot.33v: Ancestry: Roland Reynolds, <em>The History of the Davenant Foundation School</em>, 1966, p. 59: Morden & Lea map, 1700</p>\n\n<p>[^2]: THLHLA, P/RIV/1/15/4/2,5,8,12; P/RIV/1/15/7–9: London Metropolitan archives (hereafter LMA), E/BN/085,131–72; MDR 1807/2/109: John Rocque's map, 1746: <em>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</em></p>\n\n<p>[^3]: TNA, ED27/3238</p>\n\n<p>[^4]: LMA, Land Tax Returns; Tower Hamlets Commissioners of Sewers ratebooks; E/BN/130,132,137,146–9; A/DAV/01/018; CLC/B/192/F/001/MS11936/505/1051583; 469/911926; GLC/AR/BR/07/0439; Collage 121908; 22182: District Surveyors Returns: THLHLA, P25891; P/RIV/1/15/11–17; P/MIS/127; cuttings 022; Building Control file 15500: Richard Horwood's map, 1813: Post Office Directoris: Goad insurance map, 1953</p>\n",
"created": "2017-08-25",
"last_edited": "2020-10-12"
},
{
"id": 928,
"title": "58 to 60 Middlesex Street",
"author": {
"id": 2,
"username": "surveyoflondon"
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"properties": {
"b_number": "58",
"b_name": "58-60 Middlesex Street, London E1 7EZ",
"street": "Middlesex Street",
"address": "58-60 Middlesex Street",
"feature_type": "WHITECHAPEL_BUILDING",
"count": 5,
"search_str": "58-60 Middlesex Street, London E1 7EZ"
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"body": "<p>Nos 58-60, on the site of two of James Hartnoll’s shop-houses, is a single building of 1989-90 built as a shop with offices and storage over. The frontage sports three strips of alternate glazing and panels of grey composite separated by vestigial stock- and red-brick pilasters with thin green-painted window frames, the top floor with with a meagre pediment over the middle bay. The upper floors of 58, 60 and 62 were converted in 2006 to five flats, with an entrance at No. 62, for Raynes Textiles of 1 Gravel Lane, opposite, to the designs of IBI Design Associates of Southgate.[^1]</p>\n\n<p>[^1]: Tower Hamlets planning applications online </p>\n",
"created": "2019-06-05",
"last_edited": "2019-06-05"
},
{
"id": 44,
"title": "11-15 White Church Lane",
"author": {
"id": 2,
"username": "surveyoflondon"
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"properties": {
"b_number": "11",
"b_name": "",
"street": "White Church Lane",
"address": "11 White Church Lane",
"feature_type": "WHITECHAPEL_BUILDING",
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"body": "<p>Three shops and houses of 1915–17, Joseph & Smithem, architects, built by M. Zetlin for Mrs Lederman of Colchester Street on a building lease taken by the London Cigarette Paper Tube Co. First occupied by Harry Lewis, wholesale clothier, S. Goldberg & Sons, blouse manufacturers, and Simon Kravis, woollen merchant. Of Neo-Georgian brick, the building has four storeys with a cornice below an attic storey.[^1]</p>\n\n<p>[^1]: District Surveyors Returns: Tower Hamlets Local History Library and Archives, Building Control file 41969: Post Office Directories</p>\n",
"created": "2016-06-20",
"last_edited": "2017-09-12"
}
]
}